Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (5): 851-863.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.05.003

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genome-Wide Survey and Development of Novel SSR Markers in Erianthus fulvus

LUO ZhengYing1(), HU Xin2,3(), WU ZhuanDi2,3, QIAN ZhenFeng1, TIAN ChunYan2,3, LIU XinLong2,3(), LI FuSheng1()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201
    2 Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding (Yunnan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kaiyuan 661699, Yunnan
    3 National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
  • Received:2024-08-04 Accepted:2024-09-27 Online:2025-03-07 Published:2025-03-07
  • Contact: LIU XinLong, LI FuSheng

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Abstract:

【Objective】 Erianthus fulvus, serving as a crucial wild resource for sugarcane, is capable of enhancing the stress tolerance and yield of varieties. In order to utilize E. fulvus for sugarcane breeding, it is important to systematically identify and develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in the E. fulvus genome, screen for polymorphic SSR markers, analyse the genetic diversity characteristics of E. fulvus resources and then develop SSR markers associated with important traits. 【Method】Using the SSRminer module in the software TBtools, a comprehensive exploration of SSR loci was conducted on the diploid E. fulvus whole genome sequence. The obtained data were statistically analyzed to reveal their distribution patterns and regularities within the genome. The Batch Target Region Primer Design function was employed for batch designing SSR primers, and the specificity of the primers was evaluated using the Primer check tool. To comparethe SSR polymorphism betweenE. fulvus and sugarcane, amplification experiments were performed on 50 pairs of randomly synthesized SSR primers and 14 pairs of SSR primers sourced from sugarcane across 6 E. fulvus germplasms. 【Result】A total of 152 707 SSR loci, which were distributed on E. fulvus genome with an average density of 5.64 kb/locus, were identified. The majority were located in intergenic regions. In terms of SSR type distribution, mononucleotide, dinucleotide, and trinucleotide had the highest density. Dinucleotide SSR types exhibited the greatest variation in motif repeat numbers, while pentanucleotide motif repeat variations were the least. Across the entire genome, 883 distinct SSR motif repeat types were identified, with A/T and AT/TA being the most abundant. A total of 144 692 pairs of SSR primers, of which 85 025 pairs exhibited high specificity, were designed. These specific primers displayed a distribution characteristic of dense ends and sparse middles on the genome. Amplification experiments showed that 42 out of the 50 randomly synthesized SSR primer pairs yielded stable and clear bands in E. fulvus, with 32 exhibiting polymorphisms, yielding a polymorphism rate of 64.0%. In contrast to the 14 sugarcane SSR primers, the E. fulvus SSR primers demonstrated superior amplification efficacy and greater polymorphism. After screening, 16 pairs of SSR primers with good polymorphism and clear amplification bands were determined from the 32 effective SSR primer pairs. These 16 pairs of primers amplified a total of 72 bands, with polymorphism information content (PIC) ranging from 0.63 to 0.83, and an average PIC value of 0.74, indicating their effectiveness and practicality in polymorphism analysis and molecular marker research of E. fulvus germplasm resources. 【Conclusion】This study comprehensively identified SSR loci in the E. fulvus genome, revealing the high abundance and diversity of SSR distribution features. Sixteen pairs of highly specific and polymorphic SSR primers were successfully screened.

Key words: Erianthus fulvus, genome, simple sequence repeat, specific amplification, polymorphic analysis

Table 1

Tested Erianthus fulvus accessions and their traits"

编号
No.		 种质名称
Name		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 有效茎
<BOLD>P</BOLD>roductive stem		 茎径
Stalk diameter (cm)		 采集地
Origin
1 贵州2020-41 Guizhou 2020-41 32 55 0.41 贵州省兴仁市 Xingren, Guizhou
2 贵州2020-83 Guizhou 2020-83 30 59 0.35 贵州省普安县 Puan, Guizhou
3 贵州2012-171 Guizhou 2012-171 52 95 0.55 贵州省平坝区 Pingba, Guizhou
4 四川2013-14 Sichuan 2013-14 30 110 0.34 四川省盐源县 Yanyuan, Sichuan
5 四川2013-18 Sichuan 2013-18 26 84 0.35 四川省得荣县 Derong, Sichuan
6 云南2009-39 Yunnan 2009-39 41 129 0.43 云南省香格里拉市 Shangrila, Yunnan

Fig. 1

Quantitative distribution of SSR in different regions of Erianthus fulvus genome"

Table 2

Distribution of various types of SSR markers on Erianthus fulvus genome"

染色体
Chr．		 单核苷酸
Mononucleotide		 二核苷酸
Dinucleotide		 三核苷酸
Trinucleotide		 四核苷酸
Tetranucleotide		 五核苷酸
Pentanucleotide		 六核苷酸
Hexanucleotide		 合计
Total		 染色体长度
Chromosome length (Mb)		 频率
（kb/个）
Frequency
Chr.01 12102 5225 3879 275 138 35 21654 117.958 5.447
Chr.02 10355 4625 3722 287 100 33 19122 101.827 5.325
Chr.03 9666 4304 3069 238 83 34 17394 94.001 5.404
Chr.04 8400 3764 2899 214 71 23 15371 85.168 5.541
Chr.05 8163 4540 3503 293 105 27 16631 101.333 6.093
Chr.06 6641 3215 2338 164 77 28 12463 77.063 6.183
Chr.07 6547 3386 2454 280 69 21 12757 72.906 5.715
Chr.08 5755 3169 2187 147 73 19 11350 62.755 5.529
Chr.09 6949 3199 2385 151 81 21 12786 73.208 5.726
Chr.10 7186 3247 2437 214 72 23 13179 72.480 5.500
合计Total 81764 38674 28873 2263 869 264 152707 858.700 5.646
比例Ratio (%) 53.54 25.33 18.91 1.48 0.17 0.57 100

Fig. 2

Distribution of repetition times of different motif types"

Table 3

SSR motif repeat types and their frequency in Erianthus fulvus"

SSR重复单元
SSR repeat unit		 重复基序类型数
No. of repeat motif types		 重复基序类型
Repeat motif types		 重复基序数量
No. of repeat motifs		 占本类型比例
Self scale (%)		 总体比例
Overall scale (%)
单核苷酸
Mononucleotide		 4 A/T
C/G		 72070
9694		 88.14
11.85		 47.19
6.35
二核苷酸
Dinucleotide		 12 AT/TA
AG/CT
GA/TC
其他Others		 15555
7625
6039
9545		 40.22
19.72
15.62
24.68		 10.19
4.99
3.95
6.25
三核苷酸
Trinucleotide		 60 AAG/CTT
GGC/GCC
CGC/GCG
GAG/CTC
其他Others		 1939
1811
1791
1622
21710		 6.72
6.27
6.20
5.62
75.19		 1.27
1.19
1.17
1.06
14.22
四核苷酸
Tetranucleotide		 213 TTAA/AATA
AAAT/ATTT
TATT/TTTA
其他Others		 171
146
121
1825		 7.56
6.45
5.35
80.65		 0.11
0.10
0.08
1.20
五核苷酸
Pentanucleotide		 179 AGGGA/TCCCT
Others		 14
250		 5.30
94.70		 0.01
0.16
六核苷酸
Hexanucleotide		 415 TATAGA/TCTATA
ATCTAT/ATAGAT
其他Others		 41
40
788		 4.72
4.60
90.68		 0.03
0.03
0.52
合计Total 883 152707 100

Fig. 3

Density distribution of specific SSR primers on Erianthus fulvus chromosomes"

Fig. 4

The polymorphism of SSR primers among 6 Erianthus fulvus germplasms C1-C50 and B1-B14 represent 50 pairs of E. fulvus SSR primers and 14 pairs of sugarcane SSR primers, respectively. The left band is the DNA Marker, and the PCR products from different primers were separated by the black vertical lines. The order of 6 E. fulvus samples was as follows: Guizhou 2020-41, Guizhou 2020-83, Guizhou 2012-171, Sichuan 2013-14, Sichuan 2013-18, and Yunnan 09-39"

Table 4

Screened 16 pairs of primers with significant polymorphism"

序号
No.		 引物名称
Primer name		 引物序列
Primer sequence (5′-3′)		 退火
温度
Tm
(℃)		 预期产
物大小Product size (bp)		 总条带数
Totol bands		 多态性
条带数
Polymorphic bands		 多态性比例
Percentage of polymorphic bands (%)		 多态性
信息
PIC
C2 Erufi.01G0016800_1231_1267_1 F: GCGTGGGTCATACAATCAGC 55 260 4 4 100 0.69
R: TCACCGTGGTCCAGTAAAACA
C3 Erufi.01G0040420_4442_4492_1 F: GTGGCGGACCCAGGATTT 55 275 3 3 100 0.63
R: TGCAACAAATCATCACGGCT
C5 Erufi.01G0048750_226_258_1 F: CGCATCGAGCCATGGGAT 55 245 3 3 100 0.63
R: TCCTCGTACCCGATCCCG
C7 Erufi.02G0005560_1571_1631_1 F: AGCCTACCCCAACTTGCT 55 252 4 4 100 0.9
R: GGCCTGATTTTGGGTCTGGA
C9 Erufi.02G0022700_1697_1727_1 F: GGAGGGCATCACATCATTGC 55 224 6 6 100 0.80
R: CCTGGGCTCTTTCGGTGG
C11 Erufi.02G0041280_2595_2621_1 F: GGCCAGGATGATCCAGCC 55 245 7 7 100 0.81
R: TCCAGCATATGACGCCCAC
C12 Erufi.03G0008120_4062_4088_1 F: AAGGAAGCGAACGAGGCC 55 254 4 4 100 0.66
R: TGGAAGTGGTCGTCGCAA
C14 Erufi.03G0018800_963_997_1 F: GGAATGCCCTGGTTGGATT 55 221 3 3 100 0.72
R: TCACGTTGACAGTGATCAAGT
C18 Erufi.04G0000530_5476_5544_1 F: AGCCCCGGTAGTCACACT 55 235 4 4 100 0.80
R: GCATCAGCCAAACTGCCA
C28 Erufi.06G0007490_1977_2023_1 F: CCAAGGCCATCGCACTGA 55 221 6 6 100 0.82
R: CGAAGCTCTCCACCACGG
C30 Erufi.06G0016290_955_987_1 F: AATTTAGCAGCCGCCCCA 55 246 3 3 100 0.73
R: ACCGTGGTACGATCCCCA
C31 Erufi.06G0025250_3167_3207_1 F: ACCTGCAGATGAGAAGTCTCT 55 262 3 3 100 0.72
R: ACAGCGCACACAACAGGA
C34 Erufi.07G0007060_723_755_1 F: GCCGCTGTGATCTCGTCA 55 190 7 7 100 0.77
R: ACTGCCCTGACCTCCCAA
C39 Erufi.08G0009320_21599_21623_1 F: TGTGTTGCAGGAAACAAGTCA 55 277 5 5 100 0.74
R: ACCATGTTCCAGACAGTCAGT
C40 Erufi.08G0016710_156_210_1 F: GAGAAGGGGAGCGATGGC 55 260 6 6 100 0.77
R: CGCACCTGTACCGGATCC
C49 Erufi.10G0023270_6715_6749_1 F: TGGGGTTCACTGGTGCAT 55 263 4 2 50 0.63
R: GCACAATGCACCTGGTAACA
B1 mSSCIR1 F: CTTGTGGATTGGATTGGAT 55 130 5 5 100 0.73
R: AGGAAATGGATTGCTCAGG
B2 mSSCIR26 F: AAAATCAGACAAACAGCAT 55 115 3 2 66.7 0.29
R: AGAAGAAGCAGATACAGGT
B3 mSSCIR53 F: TGGTCTACTGAAGTTCGTG 52 197 1 1 100 0
R: TGCTTCTAAGTCAACCAAA
B4 mSSCIR66 F: AGGTGATTTAGCAGCATA 55 120 1 1 100 0
R: CACAAATAAACCCAATGA
B5 SMC21SA F: CGTGAGCTTGGGTAGCTG 50 120 4 4 100 0.7
R: AAACATTCCCCATTGCTATC
B6 SMC119CG F: TTCATCTCTAGCCTACCCCAA 55 106 0 0 / /
R: AGCAGCCATTTACCCAGGA
B7 SMC226 F: GAGGCTCAGAAGCTGGCAT 50 136 1 1 100 0
R: ACCCTCTATTTCCGAGTTGGT
B8 SMC336BS F: ATTCTAGTGCCAATCCATCTCA 50 190 6 6 100 0.76
R: CATGCCAACTTCCAAACAGAC
B9 SMC477 F: CCAACAACGAATTGTGCATGT 55 168 0 0 / /
R: CCTGGTTGGCTACCTGTCTTCA
B10 SMC720BS F: CGCACCGACGCACGTCT 55 100 1 0 0 0
R: GCCAATGGAACGGGTCTA
B11 SMC863 F: CGGTCGCTGTTGCATTGTAG 55
 296 0 0 / /
R: TGGATCACTCAATCTCACTTCG
B12 SMC1490CL F: AGCGATGGGTGCTGACAT 55 140 0 0 / /
R: CAGGTTGCGTCTTCCAGCT
B13 So10H(CT)19 F: GACCGTGTTACTGCATGGTG 55 107 1 0 0 0
R: CAAGAAGCGGGAATTTGTCT
B14 SoChr01B(CA)7 F: CTTCCACTCTCCCCTCCTCT 55 163 4 3 75 0.74
R: AGGGTGGTGCTACAACTTGG
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