玉米大豆间作减量施氮对当季作物农艺性状、经济效益和后茬小麦产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.22.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen application amount on the yield composition, economic benefit of summer sowing intercropping crops and the yield of winter wheat. 【Method】From 2022 to 2023, the representative farmlands were selected in Yucheng City, Shandong Province, which was the main extension area of maize-soybean strip intercropping. Maize monoculture (Nitrogen application rate: 225 kg·hm^-2), soybean monoculture (Nitrogen application rate: 45 kg·hm^-2), maize-soybean intercropping with full nitrogen application (Nitrogen application rate: 270 kg·hm^-2), maize-soybean intercropping with reduced nitrogen application (Nitrogen application rate: 135 kg·hm^-2) were set up in summer sowing season, and the subsequent crops were planted with wheat without fertilizer treatment. The effects of different summer sowing treatments on photosynthetic characteristics, agronomic traits, economic benefits and yield of subsequent wheat were analyzed. 【Result】Both planting pattern and nitrogen application amount had significant effects on crop growth and development. Compared with maize monoculture, the chlorophyll content, P_n, G_s, C_i and T_r of maize leaves were significantly decreased by intercropping reduced nitrogen application (135 kg·hm^-2). However, the P_n, G_s and T_r of leaves of intercropping full nitrogen maize (270 kg·hm^-2) were significantly increased by 8.8%, 10% and 11.6%, respectively. Intercropping system resulted in decreased chlorophyll content of soybean, inhibited leaf P_n, G_s, and T_r. In terms of agronomic characteristics, stem length increased, pod number per plant decreased, and yield decreased by 65.1%-68.4%. There was no significant difference in the agronomic characteristics and yield of maize under the intercropping system with full nitrogen application, and the economic benefit was the highest under this system, reaching 22 607 yuan/hm², while the agronomic characteristics such as ear length, grain number per ear and hundred-grain weight of maize under reduced nitrogen application significantly decreased, and the yield decreased by 14.8%. However, in general, the land equivalent ratio of both maize and soybean treatments was also greater than 1. Economic benefit and nitrogen uptake were increased by 4.8%-11.5% and 19.7%-38% compared with monocrop. When winter wheat was not fertilized, the grain yield and crop nitrogen uptake of aftercrop winter wheat with full nitrogen application in summer sowing were higher than that under other treatments, and there was no significant difference between the yield of winter wheat with reduced nitrogen application between summer sowing seasons and that of winter wheat with summer sowing maize. 【Conclusion】Therefore, from the comprehensive analysis of agronomic characteristics, yield and economic benefits as well as the effects on aftercrop, the effect of total nitrogen application in intercropping was better than that of reduced nitrogen application in intercropping. However, considering the yield, economic and environmental benefits, the amount of nitrogen application in intercropping should be further optimized.

Key words: maize, soybean, monoculture, intercropping, yield components, economic benefits, aftercrop, winter wheat

DONG KuiJun, ZHANG YiTao, LIU HanWen, ZHANG JiZong, WANG WeiJun, WEN YanChen, LEI QiuLiang, WEN HongDa. Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Application of Summer Maize- Soybean Intercropping on Agronomic Traits and Economic Benefits as well as Its Yield of Subsequent Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(22): 4495-4506.

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土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	pH	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	含水量 Water content (%)
0-20	15.05	1.00	11.97	105	7.48	22.57	4.74	1.32	5.89
20-40	12.96	0.91	7.36	149	7.51	7.85	5.70	1.51	9.75

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 P_n(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间 CO₂ 浓度 C_i(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	蒸腾速率 T_r(g·m^-2·h^-1)
DY	27.29±0.47b	0.27±0.01b	239.43±1.74a	4.21±0.09b
JY-N90	27.95±0.68b	0.22±0.01c	188.54±8.69c	4.04±0.13b
JY-N225	29.91±0.49a	0.30±0.02a	234.44±8.47a	4.74±0.12a
DD	28.66±1.03a	1.16±0.11a	349.40±8.13a	6.30±0.06a
JD-JN45	24.96±0.85b	0.73±0.05b	354.52±9.19a	5.22±0.34b
JD-QN45	25.46±0.97b	0.74±0.01b	347.07±10.48a	5.17±0.13b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗重 Ear weight (g)	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗行数 Ear row number	行粒数 Row grain	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	百粒重 hundred-grain weight (g)
2022	DY	184.47±9.34a	15.50±0.46a	14.13±0.23a	33.33±2.54a	469.87±27.60a	28.32±2.02a
	JY-N90	157.57±7.97b	14.27±0.68b	13.53±0.83a	31.67±0.64a	428.67±30.55b	27.49±0.71b
	JY-N225	185.53±10.78a	16.10±0.17a	13.53±0.70a	33.00±1.00a	445.67±19.86a	29.70±0.42a
2023	DY	200.96±6.75a	16.23±0.81a	14.93±0.23a	34.73±0.76a	517.60±9.17a	30.27±0.49a
	JY-N90	165.50±2.47b	15.03±0.23b	13.73±0.23b	32.07±1.14b	439.87±8.24c	27.83±0.42c
	JY-N225	186.43±2.18ab	15.53±0.32b	14.27±0.23ab	33.53±0.64ab	478.53±7.26b	28.93±0.32b
均值 Average	DY	192.72±3.16a	15.87±0.19a	14.53±0.12a	34.03±0.90a	493.73±10.73a	29.29±0.81a
	JY-N90	161.67±3.95b	14.90±0.20b	13.63±0.31b	31.87±0.85b	434.27±19.13b	27.66±0.55b
	JY-N225	185.98±4.31a	15.82±0.21a	13.90±0.46ab	33.27±0.81ab	462.10±23.52ab	29.32±0.28a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	茎长 Stem length (cm)	第一荚位高 Height of the first pod (cm)	单株荚数 Number of pods per plant	茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	百粒重 Hundred-grain weight (g)
2022	DD	57.98±2.45b	22.18±2.07a	28.63±4.60a	0.37±0.03a	24.14±0.56a
	JD-JN45	73.10±3.04a	27.19±8.27a	26.78±2.00ab	0.40±0.01a	26.21±2.41a
	JD-QN45	75.79±5.87a	23.79±0.52a	21.12±3.00b	0.38±0.06a	25.06±0.88a
2023	DD	68.80±1.78b	22.75±0.80b	34.69±0.97a	0.61±0.08a	25.07±0.21a
	JD-JN45	82.43±3.80a	25.72±1.72a	24.65±1.07b	0.52±0.02a	24.53±1.02a
	JD-QN45	80.47±4.30a	26.84±1.70a	20.73±2.44c	0.56±0.05a	24.67±1.04a
均值 Average	DD	63.39±1.80b	22.47±1.43b	31.66±2.43a	0.49±0.05a	24.61±0.37a
	JD-JN45	77.76±3.39a	26.45±4.63a	25.72±1.40b	0.46±0.01a	25.37±1.71a
	JD-QN45	78.13±1.11a	25.31±0.61a	20.93±0.71c	0.44±0.05a	24.87±0.21a

处理 Treatment		2022			2023
处理 Treatment		产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio	经济效益 Economic benefits (yuan/hm²)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio	经济效益 Economic benefits (yuan/hm²)
DY		8993.75±874.89A	—	18742.50c	10054.97±139.61A	—	21289.43b
DD		2597.00±29.04a		12446.40d	3336.45±105.78a	—	16661.24c
JZ-135N	JY-90N	7952.45±374.89B	1.26	20313.47b	8271.66±40.04C	1.15	21750.14b
JZ-135N	JD-JN45	976.05±56.48b	1.26	20313.47b	1093.69±57.79b	1.15	21750.14b
JZ-270N	JY-225N	8940.25±296.03A	1.33	21772.43a	9355.35±93.30B	1.22	23441.56a
JZ-270N	JD-QN45	880.04±65.82b	1.33	21772.43a	998.09±57.39b	1.22	23441.56a

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Application of Summer Maize- Soybean Intercropping on Agronomic Traits and Economic Benefits as well as Its Yield of Subsequent Wheat

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