Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (18): 3695-3703.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.014

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Different Replacement Ratios of Soybean Meal on Its Metabolizable Energy and Nitrogen Metabolism in Broilers

GUO ChengNuo(), HAN MingXia, JIANG TingTing, WANG YuMing, ZHAO Feng, XIE JingJing, SA RenNa()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding/Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2024-03-26 Accepted:2024-05-09 Online:2024-09-16 Published:2024-09-29
  • Contact: SA RenNa

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different replacement ratios of soybean meal (SBM) on its metabolizable energy and nitrogen metabolism in broilers. Furthermore, the relationship between uric acid and digestible nitrogen with soybean meal apparent metabolizable energy (AME) were analyzed for providing references for accurately measuring the metabolizable energy of feed ingredients. 【Method】 A completely randomized design was adopted, and the replacement ratio of SBM was treated as a single variable. A total of 216 broilers at aged 22 days were randomly divided into 6 groups, with replacement ratios of SBM at 10% (SM10), 20% (SM20), 30% (SM30), and 40% (SM40), while the other two groups were the basal diet 1 and basal diet 2. Each experimental diet was allocated to 6 replicates of 6 broilers per replicate. Metabolic trials were conducted on broilers aged 22-28 days. The total collection method was used to collect all excreta of each repetition as the experimental unit, the energy and protein content in both the feed and excreta matter and uric acid content in excreta were determined. These data were then used to analyze the relationship between uric acid and AME and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of soybean meal.【Result】 (1) Soybean meal replacement ratio had no significant effect on the total energy intake of broilers (P>0.05), but had a significant effect on the total energy output of broilers (P<0.05). As the soybean meal replacement ratio increased, the AME and AMEn of diets decreased significantly (P<0.05). (2) With the increase in soybean meal replacement ratio, the protein intake, protein output, uric acid excretion, retained nitrogen, and digestible nitrogen in broilers were significantly increased (P<0.05). (3) As the soybean meal replacement ratio increased, there was a significant increase in the output of uric acid per unit of protein intake (UAO/PI, g·g-1, %) (P<0.05), as well as an increase in the excretion of uric acid nitrogen per unit of digestible nitrogen (UAN/DN, g·g-1, %) (P<0.05). A significant linear relationship was observed, with increasing SBM replacement ratios leading to a decrease in AME and AMEn (P<0.05). (4) A strong negative correlation was observed between UAO/PI and UAN/DN with the AME and AMEn of SBM (R2>0.90, P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The tested soybean meal replacement ratios significantly affected nitrogen metabolism and metabolizable energy measurement in broilers. There was a significant negative correlation between uric acid excretion and metabolizable energy, so which make uric acid nitrogen a potential indicator for optimizing the metabolizable energy system.

Key words: broilers, replacement ratio, uric acid, metabolizable energy

Table 1

Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) (%)"

项目
Item		 基础饲粮1
Basal diets 1		 基础饲粮2
Basal diets 2		 试验饲粮 Experiment diet
SM10 SM20 SM30 SM40
原料 Ingredient
玉米 Corn 59.39 72.35 64.93 57.50 50.08 42.66
豆粕Soybean meal (46% CP) 37.50 24.40 21.90 19.39 16.89 14.39
待测豆粕 SBM 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00
食盐NaCl 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
石粉Limestone 0.61 0.68 0.63 0.59 0.54 0.50
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 1.70 1.77 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.65
预混料Premix1) 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
合计Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
营养水平2) Nutrient level
干物质DM 90.12 90.28 90.46 90.66 90.91 91.19
总能GE(MJ·kg-1) 17.66 16.51 16.38 16.57 16.67 16.82
粗蛋白质CP 22.03 17.27 19.81 22.61 25.41 27.72
钙Ca 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
有效磷AP 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42
赖氨酸Lys 1.24 0.90 1.06 1.23 1.40 1.57
蛋氨酸Met 0.36 0.30 0.32 0.35 0.38 0.41
苏氨酸Thr 0.88 0.68 0.78 0.88 0.98 1.09
色氨酸Trp 0.29 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.33 0.36

Table 2

Effects of soybean meal replacement ratio on energy metabolism of broilers (dry- matter basis)"

项目Item SM10 SM20 SM30 SM40 SEM P
总能摄入量Energy intake, EI (MJ/只) 5.94 6.01 6.09 5.73 0.10 0.112
总能排泄量Energy output, EO (MJ/只) 1.52c 1.66b 1.87a 1.94a 0.04 <0.001
表观代谢能AME (MJ·kg-1) 13.64a 13.31b 12.82c 12.25d 0.06 <0.001
氮校正表观代谢能AMEn (MJ·kg-1) 13.03a 12.63b 12.11c 11.57d 0.06 <0.001
表观代谢能利用率AME/GE (%) 74.46a 72.39b 69.29c 66.11d 0.34 <0.001
氮校正表观代谢能利用率AMEn/GE (%) 71.12a 68.70b 65.48c 62.46d 0.31 <0.001

Table 3

Effects of soybean meal replacement ratio on nitrogen metabolism of broilers (dry- matter basis)"

项目Item SM10 SM20 SM30 SM40 SEM P
蛋白质摄入量Protein intake, PI (g/只) 70.93c 81.49b 92.11a 93.98a 1.55 <0.001
蛋白质排泄量Protein output, PO (g/只) 34.86d 41.17c 49.85b 55.95a 1.07 <0.001
尿酸排泄量Uric acid output, UAO (g/只) 9.42d 11.56c 14.49b 16.64a 0.21 <0.001
沉积氮Retention nitrogen, RN (g/只) 5.77c 6.45a 6.76a 6.09b 0.11 <0.001
可消化氮Digestible nitrogen, DN (g/只) 8.91c 10.31b 11.59a 11.63a 0.11 <0.001

Table 4

Effects of soybean meal replacement ratio on its AME and AMEn (dry- matter basis)"

项目
Item		 SM10 SM20 SM30 SM40 SEM P
方差分析ANOVA 线性
Linear1)		 二次Quadratic1)
单位蛋白摄入量的尿酸排泄量2)
Proportion of uric acid to dietary protein intake, UAO/PI, g·g-1(%)		 13.28d 14.20c 15.74b 17.74a 0.25 <0.001 <0.001 0.038
单位可消化氮的尿酸氮排泄量3)
Proportion of uric acid-N to digestible N, UAN/DN, g·g-1(%)		 35.22d 37.41c 41.67b 47.73a 0.55 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
豆粕AME(MJ·kg-1) 11.42a 11.07a 10.69ab 10.11b 0.27 0.021 0.002 0.669
豆粕AMEn(MJ·kg-1) 10.46a 9.99ab 9.67b 9.28b 0.23 0.018 0.002 0.877

Fig. 1

Linear regression of uric acid (nitrogen) excretion to AME and AMEn of soybean meal in broilers A: AME（R2=0.985, P=0.007, slope=-0.29, intercept =15.27）; AMEn（R2=0.924, P=0.039, slope =-0.26, intercept =13.73）; B: AME（R2=0.975, P=0.013, slope =-0.10, intercept =14.88）; AMEn（R2=0.904, P=0.0492, slope =-0.087, intercept =13.37）"

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