不同氮素管理模式对黄土旱塬春玉米产量及N2O排放的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Investigating the impacts of different N application regimes on crop (spring maize) yield and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission provided the basis for reasonable N (Nitrogen) application and GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emission mitigation in dryland farming of the Loess Plateau. 【Method】 In this study, the impacts of five N application regimes on spring maize (Xianyu 335) yield and N₂O emission were investigated in a short-term (2 years) experiment in Changwu Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, and the treatments included: no fertilizer; conventional N fertilization (Con, 250 kg N•hm^-2); optimized N fertilization (Opt, 200 kg N•hm^-2); optimized N fertilization with slow-release fertilizer (Opt+SR, 200 kg N•hm^-2); optimized N fertilization with dicyandiamide (Opt+DCD, 200 kg N•hm^-2). The N₂O emission fluxes were monitored using sealed static chambers, and the gas chromatograph and the global warming potential (GWP) was calculated. 【Result】 (1) N₂O emissions increased rapidly after N application, reaching a peak on the second day, and rapidly decreased after 10 days of maintenance. Optimized N fertilization significantly decreased N₂O emissions (P<0.05). Compared with Con, the reductions in N₂O emissions under Opt, Opt+DCD, and Opt+SR were 21.4%, 27.6%, and 26.0%, respectively. The GWP of N₂O emissions under Con, Opt, Opt+DCD, and Opt+SR were 425.01, 334.01, 307.83, and 314.57 kgCO₂-eq•hm^-2, respectively. Opt+DCD significantly reduced N₂O emission intensity by 27.8% than that under Con (P<0.05). (2) N₂O emissions were highly correlated with surface soil NH₄⁺-N content (P<0.01), but showed no significant correlation with soil moisture and temperature. (3) Compared with Con, Opt, Opt+DCD, and Opt+SR significantly improved N fertilizer agronomic efficiency (with increases of 25.5%, 25.7%, and 22.2%, respectively) and nitrogen fertilizer partial factor productivity (with increases of 29.9%, 28.7%, and 25.4%, respectively) (P<0.05), whereas they had no significant impact on spring maize yield. 【Conclusion】 In dryland farming of the Loess Plateau, reducing N fertilizer application, applying slow-release fertilizer, and adding nitrification inhibitors properly could promote N₂O emission reduction and increase spring maize yield. Notably, reducing N fertilizer application by 20% and adding nitrification inhibitors not only ensured spring maize yield but also had the best effect on N₂O emission reduction.

Key words: reduced nitrogen application, low-release fertilizer, dicyandiamide, spring maize, yield, nitrous oxide emission, dryland farming of the Loess Plateau

LU KeDan, LU Yuan, WANG Rui, DANG TingHui. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Patterns on Yield and Nitrous Oxide Emission of Spring Maize in Dryland Farming of the Loess Plateau[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(18): 3642-3653.

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处理 Treatment	累积排放量 Accumulated emission (kg·hm^-2)	排放系数 Emission factor (%)	增温潜势 Global warming potential (kg CO₂-eq•hm^-2)	排放强度 Greenhouse gas intensity (kg CO₂-eq•kg^-1)
No fertilizer	0.77c	-	229.35c	0.032a
Con	1.43a	0.26a	426.14a	0.018b
Opt	1.12bc	0.18b	333.76bc	0.014c
Opt+DCD	1.03b	0.13b	306.94b	0.013c
Opt+SR	1.06bc	0.11b	315.88bc	0.014c

项目 Item	处理 Treatment
项目 Item	No fertilizer	Con	Opt	Opt+DCD	Opt+SR
WFPS	-0.065	-0.134	-0.05	-0.189	-0.063
箱温 Box temperature	-0.086	-0.163	-0.303	-0.555**	-0.435*
10 cm地温 10 cm underground temperature	-0.099	-0.042	-0.405*	-0.520**	-0.469*
NO₃^--N	0.027	-0.211	0.097	-0.338	-0.197
NH₄⁺-N	0.200	0.465**	0.606**	0.738**	0.621**

处理 Treatment	2019			2020
处理 Treatment	产量Yield (t•hm^-2)	NAE (kg•kg^-1)	NPFP (kg•kg^-1)	产量Yield (t•hm^-2)	NAE (kg•kg^-1)	NPFP (kg•kg^-1)
No fertilizer	3.20±1.99a			3.86±1.57a
Con	12.43±0.53b	36.95a	49.74a	10.57±0.59b	26.85a	42.29a
Opt	12.50±0.43b	46.52b	62.51b	11.35±1.19b	37.43a	56.74b
Opt +DCD	13.87±0.41b	53.36c	69.35c	9.98±1.25b	30.61a	49.91ab
Opt +SR	13.21±0.33b	50.05bc	66.04bc	9.99±2.96b	30.63a	49.94ab

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Patterns on Yield and Nitrous Oxide Emission of Spring Maize in Dryland Farming of the Loess Plateau

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