轮耕促进豫北潮土区小麦根系生长和产量增加

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.18.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the optimum tillage mode in northern Henan province based on the long-term experiment. 【Method】 This study was based on the long-term tillage experiment started from 2016, which included different combination of three tillage practices, rotary tillage, shallow rotary tillage, and deep tillage before winter wheat sowed. The different combinations were 3-year cycle. Five typical treatments were selected: (1) continuous rotary tillage (RT-RT-RT); (2) Deep tillage-rotary tillage-rotary tillage (DT-RT-RT); (3) Deep tillage-rotary tillage-shallow rotary tillage (DT-RT-SRT); (4) Deep tillage- shallow rotary tillage- shallow rotary tillage (DT-SRT-SRT); (5) Deep tillage- shallow rotary tillage-rotary tillage (DT-SRT-RT). During the wheat season in 2021, root growth indexes, wheat photosynthetic characteristics, total nutrients of all organs at maturity, soil porosity, soil bulk density, aggregate distribution and wheat yield were measured and analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with RT-RT-RT, the wheat root indexes were improved under the treatments with rotation tillage, therein, DT-SRT-RT displayed the outstanding one. The highest increment of root indexes was at jointing stage. The total root length (RL), surface area (SA), volume (RV), and diameter (RD) were increased by 80.8%, 54.1%, 51.5%, and 21.9%, respectively. The increment was decreased with wheat growth, with the relevant value as 39.0%-28.8% (RL), 21.7%-10.8% (SA), 12.4%-17.8% (RV), and 17.5%-24.5% (RD), respectively. Rotational tillage treatments promoted the wheat photosynthetic characteristics, similar as root indexes, while DT-SRT-RT was demonstrated the better effect among all the treatments. Compared with RT-RT-RT, under DT-SRT-RT, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) was increased by 25.7%, 41.5%, and 20.5% respectively, at the jointing stage, which was increased by 55.4%, 21.7%, and 17.4%, respectively, at the flowering stage. At the filling stage, the Pn and Gs were increased by 9.7% and 13.6%, respectively, while the Tr was decreased by 6.7%. The nutrient in wheat organ was promoted under the treatments with rotation tillage compared to RT-RT-RT. Therein, under DT-SRT-RT, the TN in leaves, stems, and roots was increased by 66.2%, 80.1% and 61.1%, respectively; the TP in leaves and stems increased by 31.2% and 38.4%; the TK in roots was increased by 50.0%. Compared with RT-RT-RT, the soil porosity was improved in the 20-30 cm soil layer with the increment of 27.1%. The treatments with rotation tillage decreased the soil bulk density in the 0-30 cm soil layer. Meanwhile, the aggregate size with >0.25 mm was increased under the treatments with rotation tillage, especially, it was significant increases under DT-SRT-SRT in the 0-20 cm soil layer. However, the silt and clay proportion were decreased under the treatments with rotation tillage. Additionally, the root-shoot (R/S) ratio, numbers of ears, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield under the treatments with rotation tillage were higher than those under RT-RT-RT. The R/S ratio increased by 55.6%, numbers of ears increased by 45.3%, and yield increased by 20.7% under DT-SRT-RT. The correlation analysis showed that the yield positively correlated with root length and Stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate. 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, the rotation tillage mode improved the soil porosity and root architecture, raised the photosynthetic rate, enriched the TN, TP, and TK in wheat organs, and increased wheat yield. Therein, the DT-SRT-RT demonstrated the better effect.

Key words: wheat, rotation tillage, root, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, fluvo-aquic soil

LI LianYi, WANG ShiJi, JIANG GuiYing, LI Yang, YANG Jin, ZHU XuanLin, ZHU ChangWei, WANG RenZhuo, LIU Fang, JIE XiaoLei, LIU ShiLiang. Rotation Tillage Mode Improves Wheat Root and Yield in Fluvo- Aquic Soil in Norther Henan Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(18): 3626-3641.

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耕作方式 Tillage mode	2019	2020	2021
RT-RT-RT	旋耕 Rotary tillage	旋耕Rotary tillage	旋耕Rotary tillage
DT-RT-RT	深耕 Deep tillage	旋耕Rotary tillage	旋耕Rotary tillage
DT-RT-SRT	深耕Deep tillage	旋耕Rotary tillage	浅旋耕Shallow rotary tillage
DT-SRT-SRT	深耕Deep tillage	浅旋耕 Shallow rotary tillage	浅旋耕Shallow rotary tillage
DT-SRT-RT	深耕Deep tillage	浅旋耕Shallow rotary tillage	旋耕Rotary tillage

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number (×10⁵·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Kernels per spike	千粒重 Thousand kernel weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2021	RT-RT-RT	46.05±1.10b	39.59±4.54c	48.38±0.45a	5870±105d
	DT-RT-RT	44.43±0.52b	36.03±3.27c	48.70±0.45a	6270±228c
	DT-RT-SRT	54.20±1.21a	38.40±4.55c	47.43±1.26a	6047±353c
	DT-SRT-SRT	43.74±1.35b	56.90±5.27a	46.25±0.78a	6833±90b
	DT-SRT-RT	51.50±1.53a	48.10±8.50b	47.16±1.38a	6974±525a
2022	RT-RT-RT	55.25±5.23d	32.45±0.07a	46.91±0.64a	7037±141d
	DT-RT-RT	69.11±4.72c	32.40±1.41b	45.94±0.97a	7920±297b
	DT-RT-SRT	75.00±1.37b	35.50±0.57a	46.20±1.04a	7760±240c
	DT-SRT-SRT	76.25±2.69b	35.37±0.81a	46.46±0.66a	8025±659c
	DT-SRT-RT	80.25±1.84a	36.30±0.95a	46.20±1.35a	8630±284a

处理 Treatment	地下部干重 Root weight (g/plant)	地上部干物质重 Shoot weight (g/plant)	根/冠 Root/Shoot
RT-RT-RT	29.33±0.58d	312±3d	0.09±0.01c
DT-RT-RT	41.26±0.68b	379±18a	0.11±0.02b
DT-RT-SRT	32.87±1.01c	321±3c	0.10±0.04b
DT-SRT-SRT	40.80±0.21b	359±15b	0.11±0.06b
DT-SRT-RT	51.32±1.01a	372±5a	0.14±0.03a

Rotation Tillage Mode Improves Wheat Root and Yield in Fluvo- Aquic Soil in Norther Henan Province

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