不同水稻品种和施锌方式对水稻产量及籽粒锌有效性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.15.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify the response of different rice varieties to zinc fertilizer and the differences in the effects of different zinc fertilizer application methods on rice yield and grain zinc bioavailability.【Method】The field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020. The first field experiment (Experiment 1) in 2019 aimed to explore the response of different rice varieties to zinc fertilizer application. Four rice varieties were selected, including Xiadao No.1, Xiadao No.2, Runxiangyu, and Longliangyou3463, with two treatments of no zinc application (CK) and zinc application (+Zn), and the differences in the response of different rice varieties to zinc fertilizer application were investigated. The second field experiment (Experiment 2) in 2020 aimed to explore the effects of different zinc fertilizer application methods on rice yield and grain zinc bioavailability. Based on the experiment in 2019, two high-yielding rice varieties, including Xiadao No.1 and Longliangyou3463, were selected to continue the study. Six treatments were set: no zinc application to soil (S0F0), soil application of 15 kg·hm^-2 zinc (S1F0), soil application of 30 kg·hm^-2 zinc (S2F0), foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO₄ at flowering stage (S0F1), soil application of 15 kg·hm^-2 zinc + foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO₄ at flowering stage (S1F1), and soil application of 30 kg·hm^-2 zinc + foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO₄ at flowering stage (S2F1), and the differences in the effects of different zinc application methods on yield and grain zinc bioavailability of two rice varieties were investigated.【Result】In experiment 1, there were significant differences in the response of different rice varieties to zinc fertilizer. After zinc application, the yields of Xiadao No.1, Xiadao No.2, Runxiangyu, and Longliangyou3463 increased by 4.4%, 11.6%, 7.9%, and 4.8%, respectively. The increase in yield was mainly attributed to the increase in effective panicle number and grain-setting rate. Compared with CK, the average effective panicle number of the four rice varieties with zinc application increased by 19.8%, 3.9%, 9.9%, and 24.0%, respectively, and the average grain-setting rate increased by 5.4%, 9.7%, 6.7%, and 4.0%, respectively. In addition, the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc in brown rice and polished rice of the four rice varieties with zinc application decreased by averages of 24.3%, 30.9%, 21.3%, and 37.2%, and 29.5%, 32.4%, 33.9%, and 35.3%, respectively. In experiment 2, there were significant differences in the effects of different zinc application methods on the yield and grain zinc availability of Xiadao No.1 and Longliangyou3463. Soil zinc application significantly outperformed foliar zinc spray in increasing yield, and foliar zinc spray further increased rice yield when it combined with soil zinc application. Compared with S0F0, the yields of Xiadao No.1 under S0F1, S1F0, S1F1, S2F0, and S2F1 increased by 12.1%, 14.1%, 17.2%, 22.2%, and 29.3%, respectively, and the yields of Longliangyou3463 under S0F1, S1F0, S1F1, S2F0, and S2F1 increased by 2.0%, 10.1%, 15.2%, 28.3%, and 31.3%, respectively. The effects of different zinc application methods on grain zinc availability varied, and there were significant differences in grain zinc availability between the two rice varieties. Foliar spray had a significantly greater zinc enhancement effect on grain compared with soil application, and the bioavailable zinc content in grains of Longliangyou3463 was higher than that in Xiadao No.1.【Conclusion】Selecting high-yielding and zinc-enriched rice varieties (Longliangyou3463) and adopting appropriate zinc fertilizer application methods(30 kg·hm^-2 soil application + foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO₄ at flowering stage) could achieve the goals of increasing rice yield and enhancing rice zinc nutrition, thereby helping to increase income and improve rice quality.

Key words: rice varieties, zinc fertilizer, application methods, yield, grain zinc availability, zinc nutrition fortification

SU SuMiao, KANG TianKai, ZOU JiaLong, WANG BenFu, ZHANG YangYang, LIAO ShiPeng, LI XiaoKun. Effects of Different Rice Varieties and Zinc Application Methods on Rice Yield and Grain Zinc Availability[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(15): 3023-3034.

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References 39

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)	有效穗数 No. of effective panicles (×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 No. of grains per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
XD-1	CK	9.1±0.1a	352.8±29.8b	138.0±13.1a	79.2±1.8a	24.7±0.4b
XD-1	+Zn	9.5±0.4a	422.8±26.1a	112.3±10.0a	83.5±3.2a	25.6±0.3a
XD-2	CK	6.9±0.4b	318.8±30.5a	136.0±15.7a	73.0±3.0b	24.0±0.6a
XD-2	+Zn	7.7±0.3a	331.2±12.7a	144.0±7.0a	80.1±3.1a	23.4±0.3a
RXY	CK	7.6±0.2b	382.2±26.2a	128.3±13.1a	66.1±0.6b	23.8±0.1a
RXY	+Zn	8.2±0.4a	420.0±41.0a	140.7±17.8a	70.5±2.0a	23.4±0.2a
LLY₃₄₆₃	CK	10.5±0.4a	291.2±16.2b	164.3±12.3a	77.7±3.4a	25.8±0.3b
LLY₃₄₆₃	+Zn	11.0±0.6a	361.2±39.8a	147.7±14.2a	80.8±5.0a	27.0±0.6a
方差分析AVONA	品种Variety, V	***	***	**	***	***
	处理 Treatment, T	***	**	ns	***	ns
	V×T	ns	ns	ns	ns	***

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)	有效穗数 No. of effective panicles (×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 No. of grains per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
XD-1	S0F0	9.9±0.5c	331.7±11.0c	148.6±5.9a	88.3±2.2a	23.4±0.7a
	S0F1	11.1±0.7b	344.3±34.3bc	155.4±9.2a	88.7±2.5a	23.7±0.3a
	S1F0	11.3±0.2b	359.7±15.0bc	149.2±9.2a	88.9±1.4a	23.9±0.6a
	S1F1	11.6±0.7b	390.7±31.7ab	145.3±10.9a	88.7±1.7a	23.4±0.5a
	S2F0	12.1±0.3ab	438.0±36.0a	138.7±8.8a	88.3±1.1a	23.5±1.5a
	S2F1	12.8±0.8a	441.0±38.0a	139.6±9.1a	89.1±2.2a	23.4±1.3a
方差分析 AVONA	土施锌肥 Zinc fertilizer to soil, S	***	***	ns	ns	ns
	叶面喷施锌肥 Foliar spray of zinc fertilizer, F	**	ns	ns	ns	ns
	S×F	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)	有效穗数 No. of effective panicles (×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 No. of grains per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
LLY₃₄₆₃	S0F0	9.9±0.1d	259.0±14.5d	172.0±7.7a	90.0±2.4a	24.8±0.5a
	S0F1	10.1±0.5cd	284.0±21.6cd	169.9±2.3a	89.1±2.7a	24.8±0.5a
	S1F0	10.9±0.9cd	313.7±32.0bc	155.5±9.1a	89.2±2.1a	25.1±0.3a
	S1F1	11.4±1.0bc	382.3±34.3a	163.5±1.0a	89.4±3.3a	24.6±0.5a
	S2F0	12.7±1.0ab	341.7±17.2ab	168.6±9.3a	88.9±1.8a	24.9±0.3a
	S2F1	13.0±0.7a	383.7±28.1a	170.1±17.7a	89.2±2.0a	24.8±1.1a
方差分析AVONA	土施锌肥 Zinc fertilizer to soil, S	***	***	ns	ns	ns
	叶面喷施锌肥 Foliar spray of zinc fertilizer, F	ns	**	ns	ns	ns
	S×F	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	秸秆锌含量 Zn concentration in straw (mg·kg^-1)	稻壳锌含量 Zn concentration in rice husk (mg·kg^-1)	糙米锌含量 Zn concentration in brown rice (mg·kg^-1)	精米锌含量 Zn concentration in polished rice (mg·kg^-1)
XD-1	CK	57.9±5.9b	31.1±4.4a	19.8±1.8a	14.5±1.7a
XD-1	+Zn	75.2±3.7a	35.9±4.3a	23.5±2.2a	14.9±1.1a
XD-2	CK	53.2±4.1b	31.8±3.9a	21.0±2.3b	15.7±2.0a
XD-2	+Zn	65.9±4.7a	36.0±4.3a	28.4±2.1a	16.6±1.4a
RXY	CK	54.9±6.6b	31.8±3.9a	20.1±0.7b	13.5±0.6b
RXY	+Zn	71.9±7.5a	32.6±4.6a	23.8±1.4a	15.4±0.8a
LLY₃₄₆₃	CK	51.3±7.0a	38.9±3.2a	24.9±3.0b	13.9±0.4b
LLY₃₄₆₃	+Zn	61.1±2.4a	40.4±5.3a	38.9±2.5a	17.6±1.1a
方差分析AVONA	品种Variety, V	*	*	***	ns
	处理 Treatment, T	***	ns	***	**
	V×T	ns	ns	**	ns

Effects of Different Rice Varieties and Zinc Application Methods on Rice Yield and Grain Zinc Availability

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