油菜与杂草生物量和养分竞争对氮磷钾肥用量的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.03.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Weed is one of the important factors limiting the high yield of oilseed rape. The reasonable management of nutrients plays a key role in weed control. This study explored the effects of N, P and K fertilizer application rate on the biomass and nutrient competition between oilseed rape and weed under field conditions, so as to provide a basis for ecological grass control and sustainable agricultural development.【Method】 The field experiment was carried out in Wuxue City, Hubei Province, and a single factor experimental design was adopted. Four different rate gradients of N (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg N·hm^-2, expressed by N0, N1, N2 and N3 respectively), P (0, 45, 90 and 135 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2, expressed by P0, P1, P2 and P3 respectively), and K (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg K₂O·hm^-2, expressed by K0, K1, K2 and K3 respectively) were set. Oilseed rape yield, the biomass of oilseed rape and weed were investigated at the mature stage. The corresponding nutrient content was measured, the nutrient accumulation was calculated, and the nutrient competition relationship between oilseed rape and weed and its response to the rate of fertilizer were analyzed. 【Result】 Fertilization significantly increased oilseed rape yield, total shoot biomass and corresponding nutrient accumulation, among the three nutrients of N, P and K, the growth and nutrient accumulation of oilseed rape were the most sensitive to phosphorus deficiency. The yield of oilseed rape treated with N0, P0 and K0 were 560, 227 and 1 490 kg·hm^-2 respectively, accounting for 18.2%, 7.5% and 50.1% of the highest yield of corresponding nutrient treatments (N3, P3 and K3), respectively. The variation trend of total shoot biomass with nutrient input was consistent with yield. The oilseed rape corresponding nutrient accumulation of N0, P0 and K0 treatments were 19.96, 0.88 and 26.21 kg·hm^-2, respectively, which accounted for 12.24%, 3.72% and 22.26% of the highest nutrient accumulation of corresponding nutrient treatments, respectively. With the increasing of the application rate of three kinds of nutrient, the weed biomass and corresponding nutrient accumulation decreased (except the highest treatment P2 in the P fertilizer rate test), the weed biomass of N0, P0 and K0 treatments were 1 365, 3 060 and 1 535 kg·hm^-2, respectively, which were the corresponding minimum weed biomass (N3, P2 and K3 treatment) 7.59 times, 5.19 times and 3.61 times, respectively; the corresponding nutrient accumulation of weed in N0, P0 and K0 treatments were 17.60, 1.91 and 9.38 kg·hm^-2, respectively, which were 3.78 times, 1.54 times and 1.52 times higher than that in the corresponding minimum weed nutrient accumulation (N3, P2 and K3 treatment), respectively. Compared with P and K, the weed and oilseed rape had the greatest nutrient competitiveness to N, and the all N fertilizer treatment, the N content of weed was higher than that of oilseed rape. Fertilization increased the ratio of biomass and corresponding nutrient accumulation between oilseed rape and weed, except for no P application, the ratio of biomass and corresponding nutrient accumulation between oilseed rape and weed in other treatments was greater than 1, and this ratio increased with the increase of fertilization (except the highest treatment P2 in the P fertilizer rate test), which showed adequate nutrient supply can significantly improve the growth and nutrient absorption capacity, meanwhile it played a role in weed suppression.【Conclusion】 The harm degree of weed in winter oilseed rape field was controlled by nutrient supply, fertilization effectively made up for the deficiency that herbicide in the early stage could not completely control weed in the whole growth period. The sufficient application of N, P and K fertilizer could significantly reduce weed biomass and corresponding nutrient accumulation, under the experimental conditions, the response degree of three nutrients to the competitiveness between oilseed rape and weed was P>N>K.

Key words: rate of N, P and K fertilizer, oilseed rape, weed, biomass, nutrient, competitiveness

SHENG QianNan, YU XiaoHong, ZHOU Xiong, TIAN GuiSheng, WU HaiYa, GENG GuoTao, YAN JinYao, LI Jing, REN Tao, LU JianWei. Response of Biomass and Nutrient Competition Between Oilseed Rape and Weed to the Rate of N, P and K Fertilizer[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(3): 481-489.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

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施肥水平Fertilization level	N (%)			P (%)			K (%)
施肥水平Fertilization level	油菜 Oilseed rape	杂草 Weed	N_O/N_W	油菜 Oilseed rape	杂草 Weed	N_O/N_W	油菜 Oilseed rape	杂草 Weed	N_O/N_W
0	0.94b	1.29c	0.73	0.10b	0.06d	1.67	0.53c	0.62d	0.85
1	1.11b	1.40c	0.80	0.14b	0.17c	0.78	0.83c	0.97c	0.86
2	1.13b	1.93b	0.59	0.21a	0.21b	1.00	1.42b	1.40b	1.01
3	1.43a	2.17a	0.66	0.25a	0.27a	0.91	1.86a	1.88a	0.99

Response of Biomass and Nutrient Competition Between Oilseed Rape and Weed to the Rate of N, P and K Fertilizer

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