Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (11): 2355-2365.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.11.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Nitrogen Management on Winter Wheat Yield and Quality

DENG LiJuan(),JIAO XiaoQiang()   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093
  • Received:2020-07-27 Accepted:2020-09-23 Online:2021-06-01 Published:2021-06-09
  • Contact: XiaoQiang JIAO E-mail:302757175@qq.com;xqjiao526@126.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】Nitrogen (N) is one of the key factors affecting wheat yield and grain protein concentration. However, the continuous improvement of wheat yield diluted the protein concentration of the grain to some extent, so it was difficult to achieve high yield and high quality in wheat. How to achieve synergistic improvement of wheat yield and grain quality through optimized N management is the key to sustainable wheat production. 【Method】This study collected 2 758 research cases on wheat yield and protein quality published between 1990 and 2017, and the effects of N management on winter wheat yield and quality were evaluated by using meta-analysis and combined with N flow analysis methods. Combined with N flow analysis method, a comprehensive N management measure is proposed to improve wheat quality and efficiency. 【Result】 From 1990 to 2017, the wheat yield increased by 42%±1.2% and the grain protein concentration increased by 19%±0.7% by applying N fertilizer. With the increase of N application rate, both wheat yield and grain protein concentration showed an increasing and then decreasing trend. The effect of N application on increasing yield was most significant when the N application rate was 200-250 kg·hm-2, and the effect of increasing grain protein concentration was most significant when the N application rate was 384 kg·hm-2. The effects of increasing wheat yield and increasing grain protein concentration were most significant when the dressing ratio was 1-2. In comparison with the N application rate >300 kg·hm-2, controlling the N application rate at 200-250 kg·hm-2 could effectively reduce N loss and improve N use efficiency. Under the same conditions as other management measures, compared with a single optimized N application rate or N application dressing ratio, a comprehensive optimization of N application rate and basal-dressing ratio could increase the yield-increasing effect of N application by 8%-30%, and the quality-improving effect could increase by 19%-21%. 【Conclusion】 Increasing N application can realize the wheat yield and grain protein concentration increase, different N application rate and the dressing ratio have a significant effect on yield and quality improvement. The integrated N management measures of comprehensive optimization of N application rate and dressing ratio can not only synergistically achieve the goals of high yield and good quality of wheat, but also reduce environmental emissions, which provides case support for sustainable wheat production management in the future.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, wheat, yield, grain protein concentration, material flow analysis, meta-analysis

Table 1

Classification and grouping of explanatory variables for effects of N application on wheat yield and grain protein concentration database"

解释变量 Categorical explanatory variable 分组 Group
氮肥施用量 N fertilizer rate (kg·hm-2) ≤100; 100-150; 150-200; 200-250; 250-300; >300
基追比 Dressing ratio 全基施All base; <1; =1; 1-2; ≥2; 全追施All topdressing
对照组产量 Wheat yield of CK (t·hm-2) ≤3; 3-4; 4-5; 5-6; 6-7; 7-8; >8
对照组蛋白质含量 Grain protein concentration of CK (%) ≤10; 10-12; 12-14; >14
有机质含量SOM (g·kg-1) ≤10; 10-20; >20
全氮含量TN (g·kg-1) ≤1; 1-1.5; >1.5
碱解氮含量AN (mg·kg-1) ≤60; 60-90; >90
速效磷含量AP (mg·kg-1) 5-10; 10-20; >20

Table 2

Heterogeneity test results"

项目Item 观测值n Egger tests Nfs (×109)
小麦产量
Wheat yield		 1589 0.06 500
籽粒蛋白质含量
Grain protein concentration		 1169 0.16 14

Fig. 1

Effects of N application on wheat yield (A) and grain protein concentration (B) under different N application rates"

Fig. 2

The effect of N application on wheat yield (A) and quality (B)"

Fig. 3

Effects of N application at different base ratios on wheat yield (A) and grain protein concentration (B)"

Fig. 4

Effects of N application on wheat yield (A) and grain protein concentration (B) at different yield/protein concentration levels in CK groups"

Fig. 5

Effects of N application under different soil fertility on wheat yield (A) and grain protein concentration (B)"

Fig. 6

N flow characteristics of wheat planting system with different N application intervals（A: N application rate 200-250 kg·hm-2; B: N application rate >300 kg·hm-2; unit: kg·hm-2）"

Fig. 7

Comprehensive analysis of the effect of N application on wheat yield (A) and quality (B) OPTN: Optimize N application; OPTB: Optimize the dressing ratio; OPTN+B: Optimize N application and dressing ratio"

Fig. 8

Comprehensive N management system model diagram"

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