秸秆还田量对不同基因型夏玉米产量及干物质转运的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Scientific and objective evaluation of the comprehensive effect of straw returning is important to improve the utilization rate of straw resources and to promote the green and sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, a field located experiment was conducted in wheat-maize cropping system on the North China Plain, to clarify the responses of different genotypes summer maize to various straw returning amounts. The purpose of this paper was to provide support for the comprehensive evaluation of the straw returning technology and for the optimization of straw returning amount. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted from October 2017 to October 2018 at Yuanyang, Henan province. The experimental design was a split plot. The main plot was four straw returning amount, no straw returning to field (S0), 50% amount of straw returning to field (S1), 100% amount of straw returning to field (S2) and 200% amount of straw returning to field (S3), and the subplot was genotype, including XD20 and ZD958. The differences in leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation and transfer, and grain yield under different treatments were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with no straw returning to field, the straw returning increased LAI after silking, and there was a significant interaction between genotypes and straw returning amount on LAI. At anthesis stage, the LAI of XD20 and ZD958 increased with the increasing of straw returning amount, and were the highest under S3 treatment. At maturity stage, with the increasing of straw returning amount, the decline in LAI for XD20 and ZD958 showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and was the lowest under S1 for XD20 and S2 for ZD958. In addition, the LAI of XD20 and ZD958 at maturity stage showed a trend of first rising and then falling with the increasing of straw returning amount, and were the highest under S1 for XD20 and S2 for ZD958. Higher post-silking LAI was conducive to maintain higher post-silking dry matter production capacity, eventually significantly increased post-silking dry matter accumulation and optimize dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics. The interaction of genotype and straw returning amount significantly affected the dry matter remobilization (DMR), dry matter remobilization efficiency (DMRE), contribution of dry matter remobilization to grain (DMRCG), dry matter accumulation after anthesis (DMAA) and contribution of dry matter accumulation after anthesis to grain (DMAACG). With the increasing of straw returning amount, DMR, DMRE and DMRCG of the vegetative organs (stem sheath + leaf) in XD20 firstly decreased and then increased, and were the lowest under S1 treatment. Meanwhile, DMAA and DMAACG showed an increasing trend first and then a decreasing trend, which were the highest under S1 treatment. The DMR, DMRE, DMRCG and DMAA of the vegetative organs (stem sheath + leaf) of ZD958 all showed an ascending and then descending trend with increasing of straw returning amount, and those were the highest under S2 treatment. The increase of dry matter accumulation was beneficial to increase grain weight and grain yield. Compared with S0 treatment, S1, S2 and S3 treatment improved the grain yield, but the grain yield did not increase continuously with the increasing of straw returning amount. For XD20, the highest grain yield was obtained under S1 treatment, which was 3.5% to 17.7% averagely higher than other treatments. For ZD958, the highest grain yield was achieved under S2 treatment, which was 0.4% to 16.8% averagely higher than other treatments. 【Conclusion】 Our results showed that, for wheat-maize cropping system on the North China Plain, appropriate amount of straw to the field could delay the leaf senescence process in the later growth stage of maize, optimize the dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics, improve the post-silking dry matter accumulation and grain weight, and thereby improve the grain yield of maize. However, the responses of different maize cultivars to straw returning amount vary greatly. When promoting straw returning to the field, the effects of crop genetic factors on straw returning should also be considered.

Key words: straw returning amount, summer maize, genotypes, dry matter, remobilization

XinYuan MU,Xia ZHAO,LiMin GU,BaoYi JI,Yong DING,FengQi ZHANG,Jun ZHANG,JianShuang QI,ZhiYan MA,LaiKun XIA,BaoJun TANG. Effects of Straw Returning Amount on Grain Yield, Dry Matter Accumulation and Transfer in Summer Maize with Different Genotypes[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(1): 29-41.

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年度 Year	冬小麦季全量玉米秸秆 The total maize straw in winter wheat season (kg·hm^-2)	夏玉米季全量小麦秸秆 The total wheat straw in summer maize season (kg·hm^-2)
2015-2016	7816.5	8092.8
2016-2017	7661.1	8804.4
2017-2018	7566.2	7685.7

基因型 Genotype	秸秆还田量 Straw returning amount	2017		2018
基因型 Genotype	秸秆还田量 Straw returning amount	LAIa	LAIm	LAIa	LAIm
浚单20 XD20	S0	3.42±0.31b	0.66±0.08b	3.30±0.19a	0.75±0.02b
浚单20 XD20	S1	4.11±0.49ab	1.16±0.06a	3.58±0.18a	1.31±0.05a
	S2	4.10±0.28ab	1.02±0.03ab	3.60±0.33a	1.25±0.07a
	S3	4.63±0.20a	0.79±0.04ab	3.64±0.31a	0.77±0.03b
	均值 Mean	4.06	0.91	3.53	1.02
郑单958 ZD958	S0	3.32±0.08a	1.86±0.07b	3.11±0.13b	1.74±0.11b
郑单958 ZD958	S1	3.71±0.09a	2.11±0.13ab	3.49±0.30ab	2.27±0.25a
	S2	3.75±0.37a	2.21±0.28ab	3.57±0.10ab	2.64±0.07a
	S3	4.05±0.17a	2.26±0.01a	3.89±0.11a	2.43±0.21a
	均值 Mean	3.70	2.11	3.52	2.27
方差分析 ANOVA (F-value)	G	3.22	190.38**	0.01	188.16**
	S	3.99*	3.61*	1.99	11.05**
	G×S	0.25	1.65	0.52	3.33*

基因型 Genotype	秸秆还田量 Straw returning amount	开花期 Anthesis stage (g/plant)				成熟期 Maturity stage (g/plant)
基因型 Genotype	秸秆还田量 Straw returning amount	叶片 Leaf	茎鞘 Stem+sheath	穗 Ear	总重 Total	叶片 Leaf	茎鞘 Stem+sheath	苞轴 Cob+husk	籽粒 Grain	总重 Total
浚单20 XD20	S0	36.3±1.8a	41.2±2.1a	8.6±0.6b	86.1±4.5b	22.2±3.2ab	40.2±1.4ab	19.4±1.2b	118.7±1.3b	200.5±0.5b
浚单20 XD20	S1	40.9±2.0a	51.9±3.9a	12.7±1.2a	105.5±6.1a	28.3±1.7a	49.9±4.8a	26.7±3.1a	157.1±14.4a	261.9±23.4a
	S2	41.2±0.9a	49.2±3.3a	11.1±1.3ab	101.5±4.9ab	27.4±1.8ab	47.0±2.5ab	24.2±3.3ab	143.3±7.0ab	241.9±11.7a
	S3	42.0±2.5a	52.0±6.6a	10.0±1.4b	103.9±9.4ab	20.5±1.7b	37.6±2.6b	20.2±1.6b	122.9±7.9b	201.1±11.7b
	均值 Mean	40.1	48.6	10.9	99.3	24.6	43.7	22.4	135.5	226.4
郑单958 ZD958	S0	34.0±1.4c	43.1±2.9c	6.7±0.1a	83.8±3.0b	30.8±2.3a	41.6±2.9b	26.7±1.9a	130.1±12.0b	229.2±13.2b
郑单958 ZD958	S1	35.5±1.7bc	44.3±4.5bc	7.8±0.8a	87.6±6.0b	31.6±2.1a	42.0±5.8b	29.1±2.5a	144.3±2.0ab	247.0±11.7b
	S2	39.9±1.2ab	56.4±3.0ab	8.8±1.2a	105.2±1.8a	37.0±2.5a	55.4±2.7a	32.6±0.7a	164.0±3.0a	289.0±1.8a
	S3	42.2±0.5a	60.0±1.3a	9.6±0.7a	111.8±1.2a	36.6±2.1a	51.0±0.6ab	28.5±1.9a	160.5±2.8a	276.6±4.6a
	均值 Mean	37.9	51.0	8.2	97.1	34.0	47.5	29.2	149.7	260.5
方差分析 ANOVA (F-value)	G	2.83	0.82	14.22**	0.34	36.09**	2.71	19.63**	4.52*	13.53**
	S	6.16**	4.94**	3.83*	6.87**	2.30	3.38*	3.14*	5.00*	6.02**
	G×S	1.36	2.05	2.60	2.77	2.82	3.93*	0.98	5.31*	6.07**

基因型 Genotype	秸秆还田量 Straw returning amount	花前 Before anthesis						花后 After anthesis
		叶片 Leaf			茎鞘 Stem+sheath			花后 After anthesis
		DMR (g/plant)	DMRE (%)	DMRCG (%)	DMR (g/plant)	DMRE (%)	DMRCG (%)	DMAA (g/plant)	DMAACG (%)
浚单20 XD20	S0	14.1±1.9b	39.2±4.6b	11.9±1.7b	1.0±0.4b	2.4±0.3b	0.8±0.1b	114.4±9.0b	87.3±2.0a
浚单20 XD20	S1	12.6±0.6b	30.9±1.3b	8.2±0.7b	2.0±0.8b	4.1±0.1b	1.4±0.4b	156.4±9.3a	90.5±1.3a
	S2	13.8±2.2b	33.4±5.0b	9.7±1.6b	2.3±0.3b	4.6±0.6b	1.6±0.2b	140.4±5.6ab	88.8±1.4a
	S3	20.5±3.0a	49.6±5.3a	16.9±3.2a	14.4±2.0a	27.5±1.2a	12.0±1.0a	97.2±8.9c	71.1±3.8b
	均值 Mean	15.3	38.3	11.6	4.9	9.7	4.0	126.9	84.4
郑单958 ZD958	S0	3.2±0.9a	9.3±1.2a	2.6±0.5a	1.5±0.3c	3.5±0.5c	1.1±0.1c	145.4±6.9b	96.3±0.9a
郑单958 ZD958	S1	3.9±0.7a	11.1±1.1a	2.9±0.4a	2.3±0.4bc	5.7±0.5bc	1.7±0.3bc	159.4±2.9b	95.3±0.7a
	S2	5.3±0.7a	12.5±1.9a	3.2±0.7a	4.6±0.5ab	7.8±0.9ab	2.8±0.4ab	183.8±1.5a	94.0±0.5a
	S3	3.3±0.5a	8.1±1.2a	2.0±0.3a	5.4±0.6a	9.2±1.6a	3.4±0.7a	164.8±6.0a	94.6±2.3a
	均值 Mean	3.9	10.3	2.7	3.5	6.5	2.3	163.4	95.0
方差分析 ANOVA (F-value)	G	103.05**	151.40**	75.22**	5.83*	27.52**	22.35**	27.86**	61.89**
	S	2.11	2.14	2.69	42.75**	135.89**	78.46**	4.41*	11.81**
	G×S	3.30*	4.89*	4.34*	18.26**	72.52**	43.98**	10.07**	10.50**

基因型 Genotype	秸秆还田量 Straw returning amount	2017				2018
基因型 Genotype	秸秆还田量 Straw returning amount	公顷穗数 Ear number (No./hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	公顷穗数 Ear number (No./hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
浚单20 XD20	S0	66700a	509.4b	24.8b	6822.4b	66422a	484.3a	24.9b	6881.4b
浚单20 XD20	S1	66144a	545.5ab	27.2a	8065.3a	68645a	488.3a	27.2a	8062.6a
	S2	67256a	537.4ab	26.9a	7951.4a	65033a	507.7a	26.7ab	7626.0ab
	S3	65588a	567.8a	24.5b	7543.9ab	65866a	525.0a	25.2ab	7393.8ab
	均值 Mean	66422	540.0	25.7	7595.8	66492	501.3	26.0	7490.9
郑单958 ZD958	S0	65866a	495.8a	28.5a	7729.0b	67311a	497.0a	28.9a	7885.4b
郑单958 ZD958	S1	65088a	500.2a	28.7a	8210.7ab	66811a	506.0a	29.6a	8195.7b
	S2	67978a	503.2a	30.6a	8900.2ab	64810a	516.5a	30.8a	9340.6a
	S3	66811a	511.4a	29.5a	9058.9a	67423a	536.7a	30.7a	9102.0ab
	均值 Mean	66436	502.7	29.3	8474.7	66589	514.1	30.0	8630.9
方差分析 ANOVA （F-value）	G	0.12	4.69*	56.17**	8.71**	0.99	0.70	71.56**	20.41**
	S	0.44	1.77	4.76*	3.21*	0.73	1.39	3.93*	3.72*
	G×S	0.20	0.28	2.58	0.80	0.90	0.02	1.77	2.22

Effects of Straw Returning Amount on Grain Yield, Dry Matter Accumulation and Transfer in Summer Maize with Different Genotypes

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