Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (15): 2624-2635.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.15.007

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of Petroleum Ether Extract from Solidago canadensis on Liver of Pomacea canaliculata

LI ShuaiLan,SHEN Xiao,ZOU ZhengRong()   

  1. College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University/Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330022
  • Received:2019-04-08 Accepted:2019-04-22 Online:2019-08-01 Published:2019-08-06
  • Contact: ZhengRong ZOU E-mail:zouzhr@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】 On the basis of previous studies, the effect of petroleum ether extract of Solidago canadensis (PEEE) on the liver of Pomacea canaliculata was discussed in depth to provide a basis for further effective control the harm of P. canaliculata to agricultural production and realizing the resource utilization of the malignant alien invasive plant S. canadensis. 【Method】Chlorinated tap water was used as the control group, and PEEE suspensions of 0.11, 0.18 and 0.29 mg?mL -1 were used as the experimental groups. In each group, 10 adult P. canaliculata of the same size and vigor were randomly placed, and the beaker was sealed with a layer of gauze and rubber band to prevent the P. canaliculata from escaping. At room temperature (23-27℃), the treatment was carried out for 48 h with 3 repetitions in each group. After 48 h, the P. canaliculata treated with dechlorinated tap water, 0.11, 0.18 and 0.29 mg?mL -1 were randomly selected, the shells of P. canaliculata were broken and the liver was taken out, and the ultrastructure of liver tissue was observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The liver tissue of P. canaliculata treated with 0.29 mg?mL -1 was lyophilized for metabonomics study. 【Result】The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the liver surface of P. canaliculata was damaged after soaking for 48 h with different concentrations of PEEE, and the degree of damage was positively related to the concentration of PEEE treatment solution. High concentrations of PEEE could cause liver atrophy and loss of elasticity, wrinkle bulge erosion, body surface damage, flocs and loose texture. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that the liver cells of P. canaliculata were damaged obviously after soaking for 48 h with different concentrations of PEEE. The number of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in liver cells of P. canaliculata decreased with high concentrations of PEEE, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared swelling, breaking and degranulation. Mitochondria showed swelling and irregular shape. The results of metabonomic experiments showed that after PEEE treatment, the content of 60 metabolites in the liver of P. canaliculata changed, and several metabolic pathways were affected. The two pathways with the highest enrichment were glycosphingolipid metabolism and palmitoyl-CoA entering mitochondrial matrix pathway. 【Conclusion】PEEE of S. canadensis has great damage and destruction to the liver cells of P. canaliculata, so it has strong molluscicidal activity and is expected to be developed into a new natural molluscicidal drug with great potential development and application value.

Key words: Solidago canadensis, petroleum ether extract, Pomacea canaliculata, liver, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, metabonomics

Table 1

Flow elution gradient of liquid chromatography"

时间 Time (h) A% B% 液相曲线Curve
0 99 1 起始Initial
1.0 99 1 6
1.5 80 20 6
11.0 1 99 6
11.5 2 98 6
14.0 99 1 1

Fig. 1

Changes of the liver surface of P. canaliculata after treated with different concentrations of petroleum ether extract (PEEE) A—D：去氯自来水处理（对照）,分别放大50×、100×、300×和1 000× Dechlorinated tap water treatment (control), amplified by 50×, 100×, 300× and 1 000×, respectively;E—H：0.11 mg?mL-1的PEEE处理,分别放大50×、100×、300×和1 000× PEEE treatment of 0.11 mg?mL-1, amplified by 50×, 100×, 300× and 1 000×, respectively;I—L：0.18 mg?mL-1的PEEE处理,分别放大50×、100×、300×和1 000× PEEE treatment of 0.18 mg?mL-1, amplified by 50×, 100×, 300× and 1 000×, respectively;M—P：0.29 mg?mL-1的PEEE处理,分别放大30×、100×、300×和1 000× PEEE treatment of 0.29 mg?mL-1, amplified by 50×, 100×, 300× and 1 000×, respectively"

Fig. 2

Ultrastructure of liver of P. canaliculata after treated with different concentrations of petroleum ether extract (PEEE)"

Fig. 3

Figures of BPI and TIC in positive ion mode (ES+) from QC sample"

Fig. 4

PCA analysis plot In the figure, the three colors represent three sample groups, respectively. Each rectangle represents the position projected on the two-dimensional plane after the metabolome dimension reduction treatment of this sample"

Fig. 5

OPLS-DA model score plot In the figure, the two colors represent two sample groups, respectively. Each rectangle represents the position projected on the two-dimensional plane after the metabolome dimension reduction treatment of this sample"

Fig. 6

Positive ion hierarchical cluster analysis chart The abscissa represents the sample name and sample classification. The ordinate represents the clustering results of differential metabolites. Color represents the peak intensity of metabolites. The data used are differential metabolites compared between positive ion mode ep group and nc group"

Table 2

Differential metabolites identified from the liver of P. canaliculata"

序号Number 名称 Name m/z RT (min) 变化Change
1 (2S,3R,4E)-2-Ammonio-3-hydroxy-4-octadecen-1-yl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate 448.34 7.61 ↓
2 12-epi-scalaradial 446.33 7.18 ↓
3 (3alpha,5beta)-3,17,21-Trihydroxypregnan-20-one 368.28 6.07 ↓
4 (2alpha,3beta,5alpha,25S)-Spirostan-2,3-diol 450.36 7.92 ↓
5 1-Myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 468.31 6.88 ↓
6 1-Octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 546.36 7.97 ↓
7 (3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha,24R)-Cholestane-3,7,12,24,26,27-hexol 486.38 7.96 ↓
8 20-Hydroxyrhodopin 573.47 11.51 ↓
9 axisothiocyanate-3 246.17 2.38 ↑
10 Hexadecan-1-ol 260.29 2.85 ↑
11 Palmitoylcarnitine 400.34 7.51 ↑
12 Citicoline 489.12 0.55 ↑
13 3-Indoleacrylic acid 188.07 2.24 ↑
14 Trp-Ala-Arg 432.24 1.64 ↑
15 trans-2-Hydroxycinnamic acid 182.08 1.40 ↑
16 4-Hydroxyretinoic acid 317.21 8.42 ↑
17 (2S)-2-[(3aS,5E,9E,13S,14E,16aR)-2,13-Dihydroxy-3a,6,10,14- tetramethyl-3- oxo-
3,3a,4,7,8,11,12,13,16,16a-decahydrocyclopenta[15]annulen-1-yl]propyl acetate		 462.32 8.42 ↑
18 (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-16-[(2R,3S)-3-Ethyl-2-oxiranyl]-5,8,11,14-hexadecatetraenoic acid 301.22 6.88 ↑
19 9-Oxo-prosta-10,12Z,14E-trienoic acid 319.23 7.07 ↑
20 2,17beta-Dihydroxy-17-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one 317.21 7.73 ↑
21 18-Hydroxyretinoic acid 317.21 7.22 ↑
22 Telecinobufagin 425.23 7.73 ↑
23 (+)-Ophiobolin A 423.25 9.45 ↑
24 Remiprostol 439.25 8.05 ↑
25 Chivosazole C 855.50 8.05 ↑
26 2-O-Sulfo-L-idopyranuronic acid 275.01 1.33 ↑
27 Ricinoleic acid methyl ester 313.27 7.57 ↑
28 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine, butyl ester 507.26 7.59 ↑
29 N-Acetyl-b-D-glucosamine 244.08 0.59 ↑
30 L-alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine 258.11 0.52 ↑

Fig. 7

Metabolic pathway analysis The abscissa is -lg (P-value), and the larger the value, the more reliable the enrichment significance of differentially expressed metabolites in this pathway. The ordinate indicates the enriched metabolic pathway. The number on the right side of the histogram is the matching number between the differential metabolites in the test and the metabolites in this pathway"

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