Abstract: Molecular mechanisms of cotton fiber development were studied using genome, functional genome, proteomics, bioinformatics approaches. The results showed that the excellent fiber resources were selected using radiate mutation, cross, backcross, genealogy selection approaches. Genes relating to cotton fiber elongation were cloned using Xuzhou142 and the fl mutants. The functions of ethylene, BR and the part secondary metabolites were proved in cotton fiber elongation using in vitro culture. BAC libraries of G. barbadense L. Pima90-53 and G. hirsutum L. 7235 were constructed. The changes of some proteins were studied using proteomics approaches and protein expression maps were constructed in cotton fiber development. One hundred and ninety-nine genes relating to cotton fiber development were selected by cDNA library, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and Gene Chip Technology. These genes function were analyzed and proved by model system plant and cotton. Cotton large-scale transgenic technologic systems were constructed including Agrobacterium tumefaciens, pollen tube pathway and particle bombardment to confirm genes functions quickly. New molecule markers and molecular genetic map cross between G. hirsutum L.× G. barbadense L., and G. hirsutum L.×G. hirsutum L. were constructed. Cotton fiber molecule improvement breeding systems were primarily built by using useful molecule markers and biochemical assistance breeding technology.

Key words: Cotton , Fiber quality , Functional genome , Molecule improvement , Advances