花后轻干-湿交替灌溉提高水稻籽粒淀粉合成相关基因的表达

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.07.04

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Grain filling in rice is a physiological process of transportation and conversion of photosynthetic assimilates into starch which determines the percentage of filled grains, grain weight, and rice quality. The process of grain filling could not only be affected by genetic factors, but also be regulated by environmental conditions such as temperature and moisture. Irrigation is an important technique in rice production and plays a vital role in regulating the formation of grain yield. However, little work has been done in the effect of postanthesis irrigation patterns on the expressions of genes encoding starch biosynthesis in rice grains. This study aims to investigate the effect of post-anthesis alternate wetting and drying irrigation on grain filling of rice and to understand its molecular mechanism.【Method】Two cultivars Liangyoupeijiu (two-line indica hybrids) and Yangjing 4038 (japonica hybrids) were used and grown in the cement tanks that were filled with soil. Three irrigation regimes were imposed from heading (50% of the panicles were protrudent the flag leaf sheath) to maturity: (1) conventional irrigation (CI), plots were kept a continuous shallow water layer until one week before harvest; (2) alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation (WMD), the field was not irrigated until the soil water potential reached the threshold at -20 kPa, and then was flooded with 1-2 cm water depth, and was repeated this process again; (3) alternate wetting and severe soil drying irrigation (WSD), water in the plots was withheld until the soil water potential reached the threshold at -40 kPa, and then was flooded with 1-2 cm water depth, and this process was repeated again. The effect of irrigation regimes on grain filling rate, grain weight, activities of the enzymes involved in starch synthesis in superior and inferior spikelets, and expressions of the genes encoding these enzymes were determined using real-time quantitative PCR.【Result】The results showed that there were no significant differences in grain filling rate, grain weight, activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis including sucrose synthase (SuS), adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), starch synthase (StS), starch branching enzyme (SBE) and SuS2, SuS4, AGPL1, AGPL2, AGPL3, AGPS2, SSI, SSIIa, SSIIc, SSIIIa, SBEI and SBEIIb gene expressions in superior spikelets among the three irrigation treatments. Compared with CI, the WMD significantly increased the mean grain filling rate, grain weight, activities of the four enzymes involved in starch synthesis and their gene expressions in inferior spikelets except for AGPL1, whereas the WSD performed an opposite effect. The two trial cultivars behaved the same tendency. The correlation analysis showed that the mean grain filling rate and the grain weight of inferior spikelets were very significantly and positively correlated with activities of SuS, AGP, StS, SBE and gene expressions of SuS2, SuS4, AGPL2, AGPL3, AGPS2, SSI, SSIIa, SSIIc, SSIIIa, SBEI and SBEIIb. 【Conclusion】The results indicate that enhanced activities and gene expressions of the enzymes involved in starch synthesis in inferior spikelets under WMD contribute to their greater grain filling rate and grain weight through enhancing the starch synthesis and accumulation. The reduction in the grain filling rate and grain weight of inferior spikelets under WSD would be attributed to the decreased activities and gene expressions of the enzymes involved in starch synthesis.

Key words: rice, alternate wetting and drying irrigation, superior/inferior spikelets, grain filling, enzymes involved in starch synthesis, gene expression

CHEN Ting-ting, XU Geng-wen, QIAN Xi-yang, WANG Zhi-qin, ZHANG Hao, YANG Jian-chang. Post-Anthesis Alternate Wetting and Moderate Soil Drying Irrigation Enhance Gene Expressions of Enzymes Involved in Starch Synthesis in Rice Grains[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(7): 1288-1299.

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