渭北旱塬小麦玉米轮作区不同耕作方式 对土壤水分和作物产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.05.005

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Weibei highland of Shaanxi province belongs to warm temperate and semi-humid drought climate zone, so drought is the biggest limiting factor for crop production on dryland. Shortage of precipitation and uneven distribution in seasons are the main factors to cause the low and unstable yields of winter wheat and spring maize grown on dryland. The aim of this experiment is to study the effects of different rotational tillage patterns on soil water conservation, yield and benefit increase in winter wheat-spring maize rotation region in Weibei highland.【Method】The experiment of NT/ST (no-tillage in first year, subsoiling in second year, again no-tillage followed by alternating the next year), ST/CT (subsoiling in first year, conventional tillage in second year, again subsoiling followed by alternating the next year) and CT/NT (conventional tillage in first year, no-tillage in second year, again conventional tillage followed by alternating the next year) rotational tillage, and continuous conventional tillage (CT) were conducted during 2007-2013 in Heyang, Shaanxi, and soil moisture was observed in fallow and crop growing periods, physicochemical characteristics of soil were observed in harvesting time, as well as crop yield and water use efficiency were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with CT, three rotational tillage patterns significantly decreased soil bulk density, enhanced soil total porosity, field water capacity and soil organic matter. In harvesting period, the average soil bulk density under NT/ST treatment was 3.6% lower than CT treatment and average soil total porosity, field water capacity and soil organic matter was 4.4%, 11.6% and 6.9% higher than CT treatment. In fallow period, the average water conservation rate under NT/ST, ST/CT and CT/NT treatments was 22.4%, 4.4% and 4.9% higher than CT treatment, respectively. The average soil water storage in 0-200 mm soil layer under NT/ST, ST/CT and CT/NT treatments was 18.2 mm,1.3 mm and 11.8 mm higher than CT treatment. In wheat growing period, the average soil water storage in 0-200 mm soil layer under NT/ST, ST/CT and CT/NT treatment was 13.2 mm, 1.7 mm and 14.6 mm higher than CT treatment. In maize growing period, the average soil water storage in 0-200 mm soil layer under NT/ST and CT/NT treatment was 17.8 mm and 15.1 mm higher than CT treatment, respectively, and that of ST/CT was 5.0 mm lower than CT treatment. In winter wheat production year, the average yield of wheat under NT/ST, ST/CT and CT/NT treatments compared to CT increased by 8.1%, 8.9% and 4.9%, respectively, and water use efficiency of wheat increased by 14.3%, 13.8% and 10.2%, respectively. In spring maize production year, the average yield of maize under NT/ST and ST/CT treatments compared to CT increased by 10.2% and 6.4%, respectively, and water use efficiency of maize increased by 4.6% and 8.2%, respectively, and the average yield and water use efficiency of maize under CT/NT treatment was close to CT treatment. 【Conclusion】Compared with CT, soil moisture of ST/CT treatment was poorer, but it had higher crop yield and water use efficiency, CT/NT treatment was in opposite. In conclusion, the effects of water storage capacity, soil physical structure improvement and crop yield increase under NT/ST treatment were significant and it is the best one among the three rotational tillage patterns, so NT/ST is a more appropriate rotational tillage pattern for the wheat-maize rotation field in Weibei highland.

Key words: Weibei Highland , different rotational tillage , winter wheat , spring maize , soil moisture , crop yield , water use efficiency

BAI Wei-Xia-1, LI Jun-1, WANG Yu-Ling-1, WANG Li-2. Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Water and Crop Yield of Winter Wheat-Spring Maize Rotation Region in Weibei Highland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(5): 880-894.

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Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Water and Crop Yield of Winter Wheat-Spring Maize Rotation Region in Weibei Highland

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