Abstract: Shanyou27 is a new peanut cultivar with moderately-resistant to rust, high and stable yield, broad adaptiveness. It was bred by Shantou Agricultural Science Research Institute. Many cultivars derived from Shanyou27 became the leading cultivars or spreading cultivars at different periods in South China. To study the importance of elite germplasm in peanut breeding, the pedigree, genetic property and genetic relationship with Shanyou27, of the excellent cultivars bred directly or indirectly with Shanyou27 as parent, were analyzed. The results showed that as a direct parent, 5 excellent cultivars were derived from Shanyou27, and in turn, more than 17 excellent cultivars were further derived from the 5 excellent cultivars. Among the 22 excellent cultivars derived from Shanyou 27, 6 cultivars have been released by National Crops Cultivar Approval Committee, such as Yueyou223, Yueyou79, Yueyou7, Yueyou9, Shanyou21 and Zhanyou30. All the derived cultivars have retained the good characters of Shanyou27 such as high yield and resistant to rust. So, the author concluded that Shanyou27 is an elite central parent with high general combining ability (GCA); It is very important to select right central parent for raising the efficiency of peanut breeding.

Key words: Shanyou27, Peanut, Derived cultivar, Pedigree