玉米-大豆垄沟间作对半干旱地区作物产量和水分利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.14.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Aiming at the low water use efficiency in rain-fed farmlands of the semi-arid region in Northwest China, this study explored the effects of ridge-furrow intercropping (RFIC) of maize and soybean on soil hydrothermal conditions, crop yield and water utilization, and clarified its advantages in optimizing crop growing environments and improving water use efficiency.【Method】A two-year consecutive located field experiment was conducted from 2023 to 2024 in Yangling, Shaanxi, a typical rain-fed agricultural area in the semi-arid zone of Northwest China. Four planting patterns were set up, including sole maize (SM), sole soybean (SS), conventional intercropping with a maize-soybean row ratio of 2:4 (IC), and ridge-furrow intercropping (RFIC), where maize was planted in furrows and soybean on ridges with the same row ratio as IC. Soil temperature, soil water content, soil evaporation, crop photosynthetic physiology, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation were measured during the growing period. Grain yield was determined at harvest. Land equivalent ratio (LER), water use efficiency (WUE) and water equivalent ratio (WER) were calculated to comprehensively evaluate the performance of different planting patterns in crop production and water utilization.【Result】Compared with IC, RFIC significantly increased maize LAI (by 8.5%), net photosynthetic rate (by 7.2%), and dry matter accumulation (by 10.4%). Relative to SM and SS, RFIC significantly increased maize yield without causing a significant reduction in soybean yield. The LER ranged from 1.14 to 1.18, indicating improved land-use efficiency under RFIC. By reshaping surface microtopography, RFIC reduced non-productive evaporation; during the maize jointing stage, soil water content in the 0-20 cm layer under RFIC was significantly higher than that under IC by 11.2% and 6.8% in 2023 and 2024, respectively. Although RFIC did not reduce total water consumption, WUE increased by 7.9%-9.2% relative to IC. Over the two years, the WER ranged from 1.06 to 1.18, demonstrating more effective water use under RFIC.【Conclusion】Overall, compared with IC, RFIC created a more favorable early-season growth environment by reducing surface-layer evaporation and improving the thermal regime during early growth stages. Under RFIC, maize-having a competitive advantage-achieved higher yield, while interspecific competitive suppression of soybean was alleviated, thereby enhancing overall land-use efficiency. Given the increasing global constraints on land and water resources, RFIC showed promise for optimizing cropping systems and promoting sustainable agricultural development in Northwest China.

Key words: ridge-furrow planting, maize-soybean intercropping, water-use efficiency, yield, land equivalent ratio

ZHANG XinBo, FAN Zhen, WU YuLin, WANG JiaHao, LUO Xuan, LIN YanRong, QIANG BinBin, REN XiaoLong, CHEN XiaoLi. Effects of Maize-Soybean Ridge-Furrow Intercropping on Crop Yield and Water Use in Semiarid Regions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(14): 3056-3069.

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土壤层 Soil layer (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	总氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	速效氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	总磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)	pH
0—20	12.22	1.29	49.20	1.13	107.57	1.35	8.25
20—40	12.88	1.23	50.73	1.16	102.18	1.40	8.06
40—60	12.48	1.15	43.43	1.07	73.22	1.46	8.55
60—80	11.90	1.15	40.28	1.07	70.00	1.60	8.96
80—100	10.23	1.09	34.04	0.99	82.10	1.68	8.23

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	生育时期 Growth period
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	播种 Sow—V1	V1—V6	V6—V12	V12—R1	R1—R6	E/ET
2023	SM	3.18±0.31a	2.22±0.25a	0.70±0.06b	1.09±0.10b	1.79±0.04b	0.48±0.04a
	SS	3.30±0.27a	2.13±0.13ab	1.03±0.05a	1.80±0.19a	2.14±0.05a	0.52±0.02a
	IC	3.34±0.17a	1.71±0.16b	0.70±0.03b	1.33±0.11b	2.00±0.07ab	0.46±0.03a
	RFIC	3.51±0.18a	1.71±0.14b	0.57±0.07b	1.00±0.05b	1.74±0.03b	0.41±0.05a
2024	SM	3.85±0.18b	2.12±0.22a	1.65±0.14a	1.71±0.14a	1.98±0.04a	0.51±0.01ab
	SS	3.66±0.35b	2.29±0.31a	1.76±0.12a	1.62±0.16a	2.11±0.04a	0.56±0.03a
	IC	4.32±0.21a	1.81±0.22b	1.23±0.07b	1.38±0.11b	1.95±0.05a	0.48±0.02ab
	RFIC	4.13±0.12ab	1.92±0.21ab	1.35±0.14b	1.23±0.13b	1.90±0.02a	0.44±0.05b

年份 Year	种植模式 Planting pattern	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)		总产量 Total Yield (kg·hm^-2)	偏土地当量比 Partial LER		总土地当量比 Total LER
年份 Year	种植模式 Planting pattern	玉米 Maize	大豆 Soybean	总产量 Total Yield (kg·hm^-2)	玉米 Maize	大豆 Soybean	总土地当量比 Total LER
2023	SM	9327.1±154.8c	—	—	—	—	—
	SS	—	2238.6±261.5a	—	—	—	—
	IC	10905.6±423.6b	2058.8±167.4b	6128.5±115.1b	0.53±0.02b	0.50±0.16b	1.03±0.00b
	RFIC	11946.7±282.3a	2292.0±263.7a	6733.2±177.7a	0.58±0.03a	0.55±0.02a	1.14±0.02a
2024	SM	10695.2±436.6c	—	—	—	—	—
	SS	—	2650.1±455.1	—	—	—	—
	IC	13209.5±304.1b	2612.5±251.2a	7595.2±144.2b	0.57±0.13b	0.54±0.01b	1.11±0.02b
	RFIC	13972.3±353.0a	2918.8±367.5a	8000.5±125.9a	0.60±0.02a	0.57±0.14a	1.17±0.00a
P	年份 Year (Y)	0.001**	0.000***	0.000***	0.019**	0.000***	0.000***
	处理 Treatment (T)	0.000***	0.001**	0.002**	0.002**	0.003**	0.001**
	年份×处理 Y×T	0.241ns	0.045**	0.513ns	0.647ns	0.373ns	0.122ns

年份 Year	种植模式 Planting pattern	水分利用效率 WUE (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)			偏水分当量比 Partial WER		总水分当量比 Total WER
年份 Year	种植模式 Planting pattern	玉米 Maize	大豆 Soybean	总计 Total	玉米 Maize	大豆 Soybean	总水分当量比 Total WER
2023	SM	17.80±0.29a	—	—	—	—	—
	SS	—	4.42±0.12a	—	—	—	—
	IC	9.763±0.28b	2.23±0.07b	11.96±0.22b	0.53±0.027b	0.46±0.015b	1.00±0.008b
	RFIC	10.44±0.33b	2.49±0.06b	12.74±0.33a	0.56± 0.031a	0.49±0.013a	1.06±0.037a
2024	SM	18.32±0.74a	—	—	—	—	—
	SS	—	4.65±0.09a	—	—	—	—
	IC	10.21±0.23c	2.67±0.04b	12.89±0.24b	0.56±0.022b	0.58±0.010b	1.11±0.029b
	RFIC	11.13±0.27b	2.81±0.06b	13.85±0.21a	0.60± 0.026a	0.52±0.013a	1.18±0.003a
P	年份 Year (Y)	0.041**	0.000***	0.002**	0.008**	0.000***	0.000***
	处理 Treatment (T)	0.000***	0.001**	0.790ns	0.827ns	0.668ns	0.529ns
	年份×处理 Y×T	0.914ns	0.186ns	0.000***	0.002**	0.003**	0.000***

Effects of Maize-Soybean Ridge-Furrow Intercropping on Crop Yield and Water Use in Semiarid Regions

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