绿肥还田结合氮肥减施对干旱灌区麦田土壤水热特征及小麦产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.07.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to solve the problems of long-term continuous cropping of wheat and high amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the production process in the arid irrigation area of Northwest China, the effects of green manure returning combined with reduced nitrogen application on soil hydrothermal variation characteristics and yield of wheat were studied, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the optimization of nitrogen application system in this area. 【Method】The field experiment was carried out in Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experimental Station from 2021 to 2022. The treatments included no green manure (G0) and conventional nitrogen application (N1), as well as three green manure returning treatments (G1, G2, G3, applying green manure 15 000, 22 500, 30 000 kg·hm^-2, respectively) and two nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatments (N2, N3, reducing 15% and 30% compared with conventional nitrogen application, respectively). The effects of green manure returning combined with nitrogen reduction on soil water and heat variation characteristics, leaf area index and yield of wheat field were analyzed. 【Result】The green manure returning combined with nitrogen reduction could increase soil water storage in 0-120 cm soil layer of wheat field. Compared with G0N1, G2N2, G3N2 and G3N3 increased soil water storage by 4.0%-7.8%. Among them, G3N2 maintained higher soil water content in all soil layers during sowing, vegetative, reproductive and harvesting stages. From sowing to jointing stage, the soil temperature under G2N2, G3N2 and G3N3 increased by 0.6-1.3 ℃ and the soil accumulated temperature increased by 24.8-55.3 ℃ compared with G0N1. From the filling stage to the mature stage, the soil temperature of each green manure returning combined with nitrogen reduction treatment was 0.4-1.0 ℃ lower than that under G0N1, and the soil accumulated temperature decreased by 7.9-20.0 ℃. At the same time, the temperature change range under G3N2 in soil warming and cooling stage was smaller than that under other treatments. Green manure returning combined with nitrogen reduction significantly increased the leaf area index of wheat from booting stage to maturity stage, providing sufficient photosynthetic source for dry matter accumulation at late growth stage. Under this condition, compared with G0N1, the biomass and grain yield of wheat increased by 13.7%-28.0% and 11.7%-31.3%, respectively, and the increase under G3N2 was the largest. Correlation analysis showed that grain yield and its components were significantly positively correlated with leaf area index, soil water content and soil temperature in 0-60 cm soil layer. Structural equation model analysis found that soil hydrothermal conditions indirectly affected yield changes by directly affecting leaf area index. 【Conclusion】Green manure returning combined with nitrogen reduction could improve the soil hydrothermal environment of wheat field and increase the leaf area index of wheat, so as to obtain high yield. Therefore, 30 000 kg·hm^-2 green manure+15% nitrogen reduction was the best green manure nitrogen fertilizer application mode to optimize the field hydrothermal environment and obtain high yield in oasis irrigation area.

Key words: wheat, green manure returning, nitrogen fertilizer reduction, soil hydrothermal characteristics, leaf area index, grain yield, oasis irrigation area

YIN Bo, YU AiZhong, WANG PengFei, YANG XueHui, WANG YuLong, SHANG YongPan, ZHANG DongLing, LIU YaLong, LI Yue, WANG Feng. Effects of Green Manure Returning Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Hydrothermal Characteristics of Wheat Field and Grain Yield in Oasis Irrigation Area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(7): 1366-1380.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有机碳 Organic C (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	pH
2017		7.22	0.78	28.2	145.7	8.32
2021	G0N1	7.35	0.81	28.6	146.1	8.26
	G1N2	7.39	0.84	29.0	148.6	8.18
	G2N2	7.49	0.86	29.2	151.1	8.14
	G3N2	7.67	0.88	29.8	152.9	8.02
	G1N3	7.35	0.83	28.8	148.1	8.20
	G2N3	7.54	0.83	29.2	149.9	8.11
	G3N3	7.61	0.85	29.6	152.6	8.08

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	播种期—拔节期 Sowing-jointing		拔节期—抽穗期 Jointing-heading		抽穗期—灌浆期 Heading-filling		灌浆期—成熟期 Filling-maturity		全生育期 Whole growth period
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	ST	SAT	ST	SAT	ST	SAT	ST	SAT	AST	TSAT
2021	G0N1	15.3e	641.5e	19.2d	577.1d	22.3a	668.3a	24.8a	520.8a	19.6d	2407.7d
	G1N2	15.6de	655.4de	18.5e	554.2e	22.0b	659.2b	24.2c	507.4bc	19.3e	2376.2e
	G2N2	16.3c	683.4c	19.6c	589.1c	22.0b	658.6b	23.9e	501.8e	19.8c	2432.9c
	G3N2	17.1a	719.7a	20.4a	612.6a	21.7c	650.8c	24.2c	508.5c	20.3a	2491.6a
	G1N3	15.3e	644.1e	18.3e	549.2e	21.8c	652.9c	24.6b	516.6b	19.2e	2362.8e
	G2N3	15.9d	667.5d	19.3d	577.8d	21.5d	644.2d	24.5bc	514.1bc	19.6d	2413.6d
	G3N3	16.7b	702.2b	20.0b	600.2b	21.8c	654.6c	24.0d	504.3d	20.0b	2461.3b
2022	G0N1	17.3cd	692.8cd	19.2d	594.8d	22.5b	696.9b	25.7a	539.2a	20.5b	2523.7b
	G1N2	16.8e	673.6e	19.4d	600.8d	22.2c	688.0c	25.0c	524.2c	20.2c	2486.6c
	G2N2	17.5c	700.4c	20.1b	624.3b	21.9d	679.4d	24.7d	518.3d	20.5b	2522.4b
	G3N2	18.1a	725.2a	20.8a	644.2a	22.4b	694.2b	24.6d	516.8d	21.0a	2580.4a
	G1N3	16.1f	642.8f	19.0e	587.6e	22.4b	693.6b	25.1c	527.7c	19.9d	2451.7d
	G2N3	17.0d	680.8d	19.7c	610.1c	22.0d	682.9d	24.1e	506.9e	20.2c	2480.7c
	G3N3	17.8b	710.4b	20.7a	642.0a	22.8a	705.8a	25.3b	531.6b	21.1a	2589.8a

Effects of Green Manure Returning Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Hydrothermal Characteristics of Wheat Field and Grain Yield in Oasis Irrigation Area

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处理代码 Treatment code	肥料施用量Fertilizer application rate (kg·hm^-2)
处理代码 Treatment code	N	P₂O₅	绿肥 Green manure
G0N1	180	90	0
G1N2	153	90	15 000
G2N2	153	90	22 500
G3N2	153	90	30 000
G1N3	126	90	15 000
G2N3	126	90	22 500
G3N3	126	90	30 000

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