有机无机肥配施下旱地麦田土壤有机碳组分含量的变化特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.04.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This experiment was conducted to study the content characteristics of soil organic carbon components under long-term organic and inorganic fertilizers and the contribution of each component to the yield of winter wheat in dryland, with a view to providing an important theoretical basis and practical value for the increase of wheat yield and soil fertilization in Northwest dryland. 【Method】This study was based on a nine-year long-term positioning experiment, using a fissure design, with two organic fertilizer levels (M0 and M1) for the main treatment, and five nitrogen levels (N0, N75, N150, N225, N300) for the side treatment. The variation characteristics of winter wheat grain yield and soil organic carbon and its components were analyzed, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and mineral organic carbon (MOC), as well as the differences in the mass fractions of the components, and the contribution of each component of organic carbon to wheat grain yield was quantified. 【Result】With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the wheat grain yield increased first and then decreased, while the grain yield of wheat increased by 4.80% under organic fertilizers than that under chemical fertilizers alone. The highest yield (8 143.2 kg·hm^-2) was obtained under M1N150 treatment, which increased by 85.36% compared with M0N0 treatment, and this fertilizer application decreased by 75 kg·hm^-2 compared with the local conventional nitrogen application. After 9 years of continuous fertilizer application, the SOC content under M1N150 treatment was significantly increased by 103.30% compared than the soil at the initial stage of the experiment (2014). That is, the nitrogen rate of 150 kg·hm^-2 combined with 30 t·hm^-2 organic fertilizer would not only significantly improve the soil fertilizer cultivation effect, but also increase the winter wheat yield on the basis of reducing nitrogen application. The study of soil organic carbon fractions under different fertilization treatments showed that, compared with chemical fertilizers alone, the organic and inorganic fertilizers combined treatments increased the content of POC, DOC and MBC fractions as well as the proportion of POC fractions in SOC. The sensitivity indices of SOC and the contents of each organic carbon component showed that the soil active organic carbon components (DOC, MBC and POC) responded significantly to the organic and inorganic fertilizer treatments, among which the POC and DOC components were the most sensitive to the response of farmland management measures. The correlation analysis between soil organic carbon components and wheat yield showed that POC, DOC and MBC components had positive effects on yield increase; the results of Random Forest Analysis (RFA) further proved that the POC and DOC components contributed more to wheat yield under the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Therefore, it could be inferred that the increase of crop productivity and soil fertility by organic and inorganic fertilization was mainly achieved by increasing the DOC and POC content of organic carbon in the soil. 【Conclusion】When 150 kg·hm^-2 of nitrogen was applied with 30 t·hm^-2 of organic fertilizer, it was more conducive to the enhancement of the content of soil organic carbon and reactive organic carbon fractions in wheat fields in the drylands of Northwest China, which in turn improved the yield of winter wheat in dryland, with the DOC and POC fractions contributing the most to the yield of wheat.

Key words: dryland, winter wheat, application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, yield, soil organic carbon fraction

SHI Fan, LI WenGuang, YI ShuSheng, YANG Na, CHEN YuMeng, ZHENG Wei, ZHANG XueChen, LI ZiYan, ZHAI BingNian. The Variation Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions Under the Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(4): 719-732.

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	速效氮 Available N (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	pH
0-20	13.88	0.83	9.00	9.17	155.66	8.14
20-40	12.91	0.64	7.82	9.11	133.85	8.21

处理 Treatment		有效穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	穗粒数 Grain number	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
M0	N0	391Cb	48.04Aa	23Bb	4898.10Cb
	N75	436Ba	45.56Ba	36Aa	6927.25Ba
	N150	495Ab	41.47Ca	40Aa	7549.65ABa
	N225	510Aa	41.67Ca	40Aa	7982.43Aa
	N300	499Aa	40.55Ca	38Aa	7327.83ABa
M1	N0	448Ca	45.96Ab	31Ba	5944.27Ca
	N75	491BCa	45.10Aa	31Ba	7272.70Ba
	N150	550Aa	42.21Ba	36Aa	8143.20Aa
	N225	526ABa	42.46Ba	37Aa	7692.36ABa
	N300	515ABa	41.50Ba	35Aa	7298.49Ba
N		**	***	**	***
M		*	ns	ns	**
N×M		ns	*	ns	*

The Variation Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions Under the Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers

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处理Treatment		氮肥 N (kg·hm^-2)	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)	磷肥 P₂O₅(kg·hm^-2)	钾肥 K₂O (kg·hm^-2)
主处理 Main treatment	副处理 Side treatment	氮肥 N (kg·hm^-2)	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)	磷肥 P₂O₅(kg·hm^-2)	钾肥 K₂O (kg·hm^-2)
M0	N0	0	0	90	60
	N75	75	0	90	60
	N150	150	0	90	60
	N225	225	0	90	60
	N300	300	0	90	60
M1	N0	0	30000	90	60
	N75	75	30000	90	60
	N150	150	30000	90	60
	N225	225	30000	90	60
	N300	300	30000	90	60

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