烟草不同轮作模式碳足迹及经济效益评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.04.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to clarify the economic benefits and carbon emission characteristics under different cropping patterns, so as to provide a scientific basis for the selection of regional dominant cropping rotation patterns.【Method】Based on the survey data of farmers in Xiangcheng County, Xuchang City, central Henan Province from 2018 to 2022, this study calculated the carbon emissions of four different rotation patterns: cereal-vegetable-tobacco (wheat-pepper-wheat-pepper-wheat-pepper-tobacco), wheat-maize-tobacco (wheat-maize-wheat-maize-wheat-maize-tobacco), cereal-soybean-tobacco (wheat-maize-wheat-soybean- wheat-soybean-tobacco), and cereal-sweet potato-tobacco (wheat-maize-wheat-sweet potato-wheat-sweet potato-tobacco). The life cycle assessment was used to calculate the carbon emissions and carbon footprint of these four cropping models. This study also clarified their composition and comprehensively evaluated the economic and ecological benefits of four crop rotation patterns by considering input costs and harvest output values.【Result】(1) The output value and profit ranking under different planting patterns were as follows: cereal-vegetable-tobacco>cereal-sweet potato-tobacco>wheat-maize-tobacco>cereal-soybean-tobacco. Additionally, the total cost of the grain-vegetable- tobacco model was significantly higher than that of the other three patterns. (2) The carbon footprint per unit area under different rotation patterns was as follows: wheat-maize-tobacco>cereal-sweet potato- tobacco>cereal-soybean-tobacco>cereal-vegetable- tobacco, with the value of 32 391.10, 31 042.64, 30 583.80, and 26 524.57 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The carbon footprint per unit yield for different crop rotation patterns followed this order: cereal-soybean- tobacco (0.51 kg·kg^-1), wheat-maize-tobacco (0.51 kg·kg^-1), cereal-sweet potato-tobacco (0.39 kg·kg^-1), and cereal-vegetable-tobacco (0.29 kg·kg^-1). The carbon footprint per unit output value of cereal-soybean-tobacco, wheat-maize-tobacco, cereal-sweet potato-tobacco, and cereal-vegetable-tobacco systems were 0.17, 0.17, 0.13, and 0.10 kg/yuan, respectively. (3) Fertilizer accounted for 50.6%, 56.4%, 57.2%, and 57.0% of carbon emissions in cereal-vegetable-tobacco, wheat-maize-tobacco, cereal-soybean-tobacco, and cereal-sweet potato-tobacco, respectively, making it the primary contributor to carbon emissions in each rotation pattern. The second largest contributor was tobacco curing electricity, which accounted for 15.2%, 14.5%, 13.5% and 13.0% in the above rotation patterns. 【Conclusion】Under the four crop rotation patterns, the cereal-vegetable-tobacco model demonstrated high economic benefits and low carbon emission. However, the input cost of this model was the highest, while the output value of tobacco was the lowest. Therefore, reducing labor input with improving tobacco benefits was crucial for promoting this rotation pattern in major tobacco producing areas. Tobacco of cereal-sweet potato-tobacco model had the highest output value and the lowest cost, but the high carbon footprint of this rotation pattern might be a constraint to the promotion. Fertilizer and tobacco curing electricity were the main sources of carbon emissions for each rotation patterns. Therefore, improving fertilizer utilization rate, and promoting clean energy barns to reduce the carbon footprint of tobacco leaf curing were the keys to reduce carbon emissions from various crop rotation patterns.

Key words: carbon footprint, carbon emission, crop rotation, tobacco, pepper, soybean, sweet potato, economic benefits, central Henan

ZHENG Yu, CHEN Yi, TI JinSong, SHI LongFei, XU XiaoBo, LI YuLin, GUO Rui. Evaluation of Carbon Footprint and Economic Benefit of Different Tobacco Rotation Patterns[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(4): 733-747.

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排放源 Emission source	排放参数 Emission factor	数据来源 Data source
氮肥Nitrogenous fertilizer	1.526 kg·kg^-1	CLCD 0.7
磷肥Phosphate fertilizer	1.631 kg·kg^-1	CLCD 0.7
钾肥Potassium fertilizer	0.6545 kg·kg^-1	CLCD 0.7
复合肥Compound fertilizer	1.772 kg·kg^-1	CLCD 0.7
农家肥Farmyard manure	0.223 kg·kg^-1	[21]
柴油Diesel oil	4.99 kg·kg^-1	CLCD 0.7
除草剂herbicide	17.1 kg·kg^-1	[22]
灭菌剂Sterilizing agent	16.6 kg·kg^-1	[22]
杀虫剂Insecticide	15.9 kg·kg^-1	[22]
抑芽剂Bud depressant	12.44 kg·kg^-1	Ecoinvent 2.2
农膜Agricultural film	22.72 kg·kg^-1	Ecoinvent 2.2
玉米种子Maize seed	1.93 kg·kg^-1	Ecoinvent 2.2
小麦种子Wheat seed	0.59 kg·kg^-1	CPCD
大豆种子Soybean seed	0.34 kg·kg^-1	[10]
红薯种块Sweet potato seedlings	0.10 kg·kg^-1	[10]
辣椒种子Pepper seed	0.1572 kg·kg^-1	[23]
烟草种子Tobacco seed	0.1572 kg·kg^-1	[23]
电Electricity	0.5703 kg·kWh^-1	[24]
人工Labour	0.86 kg·(p·d )^-1	[25]

轮作模式 Planting pattern	作物种类 Crop type	农田土壤N₂O排放系数 N₂O emission factor of farmland soil	数据来源 Data source
粮菜烟模式 Cereal-vegetable-tobacco	小麦Wheat	0.0057 kg·kg^-1	[26]
	辣椒Pepper	0.0033 kg·hm^-2	[27]
	烟草Tobacco	0.0038 kg·kg^-1	[28]
麦玉烟模式 Wheat-maize-tobacco	小麦Wheat	0.0057 kg·kg^-1	[26]
	玉米Maize	0.0105 kg·kg^-1	[26]
	烟草Tobacco	0.0033 kg·kg^-1	[29]
粮豆烟模式 Cereal-soybean-tobacco	小麦Wheat	0.0027 kg·kg^-1	[30]
	玉米Maize	0.0105 kg·kg^-1	[26]
	大豆Soybean	0.0198 kg·kg^-1	[30]
	烟草Tobacco	0.0038 kg·kg^-1	[28]
粮薯烟模式 Cereal-sweet potato-tobacco	小麦Wheat	0.0057 kg·kg^-1	[26]
	玉米Maize	0.0105 kg·kg^-1	[26]
	红薯Sweet potato	0.0060 kg·kg^-1	[31]
	烟草Tobacco	0.0038 kg·kg^-1	[28]

轮作模式 Crop rotation pattern	淋失系数 Coefficient of leaching loss (%)
大田小麦玉米两熟 Double cropping pattern of wheat and maize in field	1.393
保护地Protect the pattern	2.673
露地蔬菜Open vegetable model	1.535
大田其他两熟Other double cropping patterns in the field	1.534

轮作模式 Rotation patterns	作物种类 Crop type	收获产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	收获产值 Output value (yuan/hm²)	投入成本 Input cost (yuan/hm²)	总产值 Total output value (yuan/hm²)	总成本 Total input (yuan/hm²)	总利润 Total profit (yuan/hm²)
粮菜烟模式 Cereal-vegetable- tobacco	小麦Wheat	6175.00 c	18525.00 g	14854.10 f	275709.47a	173385.31a	102324.16a
	辣椒Pepper	4200.00 d	50400.00 d	25511.05 e
	烟草Tobacco	2092.50 f	68934.47 c	52289.86 a
麦玉烟模式 Wheat-maize- tobacco	小麦Wheat	6184.76 c	18554.27 g	14324.92 fg	190394.68c	135801.75c	54592.94c
	玉米Corn	9018.29 b	21643.90 f	13618.49 g
	烟草Tobacco	2122.68 f	69800.17 c	51971.51 a
粮豆烟模式 Cereal-soybean- tobacco	小麦Wheat	6228.41 c	18685.23 g	14914.76 f	181975.27d	132459.56d	49515.71d
	玉米Corn	9095.45 b	21829.09 f	13661.12 g
	大豆Soya bean	2749.77 e	16498.64 h	11540.26 i
	烟草Tobacco	2183.86 f	71093.22 b	50973.65 b
粮薯烟模式 Cereal-sweet potato-tobacco	小麦Wheat	6246.77 c	18740.32 g	14951.44 f	232765.47b	158743.44b	74022.02b
	玉米Corn	9007.26 b	21617.42 f	12710.45 h
	红薯Sweet potato	30870.97 a	41005.55 e	26727.32 d
	烟草Tobacco	2329.84 ef	72915.98 a	47724.04 c

轮作模式 Rotation pattern	作物种类 Crop type	单位面积碳排放 Carbon emission (kg·hm^-2)	单位产量碳足迹 Carbon footprint per unit of production (kg·kg^-1)	单位产值碳足迹 Carbon footprint per unit of output (kg/yuan)
粮菜烟模式 Cereal-vegetable-tobacco	小麦Wheat	3169.71 g	0.51 f	0.17 c
	辣椒Pepper	2192.40 i	0.53 f	0.04 h
	烟草Tobacco	10438.22 b	5.00 b	0.15 e
麦玉烟模式 Wheat-maize-tobacco	小麦Wheat	3304.69 fg	0.54 f	0.18 b
	玉米Maize	3754.07 e	0.42 g	0.17 bc
	烟草Tobacco	11214.82 a	5.30 a	0.16 d
粮豆烟模式 Cereal-soybean-tobacco	小麦Wheat	3013.18 h	0.48 fg	0.16 d
	玉米Maize	3821.82 e	0.42 g	0.18 bc
	大豆Soybean	4019.41 d	1.46 e	0.24 a
	烟草Tobacco	10142.45 c	4.66 c	0.14 f
粮薯烟模式 Cereal-sweet potato-tobacco	小麦Wheat	3222.16 g	0.52 f	0.17 c
	玉米Maize	3843.28 e	0.43 g	0.18 b
	红薯Sweet potato	3415.32 f	0.11 h	0.08 g
	烟草Tobacco	10243.41 c	4.40 d	0.14 f

Evaluation of Carbon Footprint and Economic Benefit of Different Tobacco Rotation Patterns

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轮作模式 Rotation patterns	作物种类 Crop type	碳排放Carbon emission (kg·hm^-2)
轮作模式 Rotation patterns	作物种类 Crop type	种子 Seed	N₂O	肥料 Fertilizer	农药 Pesticide	农膜 Agricultural film	电 Electricity	柴油 Diesel oil	人工 Labour	合计 Total
粮菜烟模式 Cereal-vegetable-tobacco	小麦Wheat	94.40	490.79	2442.24	30.07	-	95.53	500.27	7.21	3169.71
	辣椒Pepper	0.01	215.33	1568.70	56.69	-	85.83	329.13	152.05	2192.40
	烟草Tobacco	0.00	194.24	1400.10	498.43	3503.70	4395.52	457.72	182.75	10438.22
麦玉烟模式 Wheat-maize- tobacco	小麦Wheat	95.30	494.33	2460.08	27.71	-	96.81	617.60	7.18	3304.69
	玉米Maize	43.43	1376.31	3113.73	43.11	-	101.72	445.33	6.76	3754.07
	烟草Tobacco	0.00	237.50	1545.46	416.06	3503.70	5079.20	490.72	179.69	11214.82
粮豆烟模式 Cereal-soybean- tobacco	小麦Wheat	95.84	282.24	2259.82	27.20	-	101.49	521.64	7.19	3013.18
	玉米Maize	43.43	1411.42	3193.49	39.99	-	104.50	433.40	7.01	3821.82
	大豆Soybean	0.46	1517.76	3401.99	38.37	-	69.52	499.11	9.95	4019.41
	烟草Tobacco	0.00	150.70	964.79	424.55	3503.70	4568.96	488.42	192.03	10142.45
粮薯烟模式 Cereal-sweet potato-tobacco	小麦Wheat	95.99	498.79	2482.58	28.60	-	104.03	503.75	7.19	3222.16
	玉米Maize	43.43	1420.93	3215.08	44.10	-	98.17	436.77	5.74	3843.28
	红薯Sweet potato	45.00	757.11	2706.65	198.94	-	65.74	352.16	46.84	3415.32
	烟草Tobacco	0.00	267.72	1358.95	408.47	3503.70	4299.34	487.88	185.07	10243.41

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