Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (20): 4131-4143.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.008

• SOIL MICROORGANISMS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Isolation and Identification of Rhizosphere Growth-Promoting Bacteria of Myroides odoratimimus PJ-3 and Their Salt/ Alkali-Tolerance and Growth-Promoting Effects on Maize

WU DongMing1,2,3,4(), XU Jing1,5, YUAN JiaMei1,3, WANG KeXuan1,3, LI YuYi1,3, HE Ping1,3, ZHANG JianFeng1,3, SONG DaLi1,3, GAO Miao1,3(), ZHOU Wei1,3()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Beijing 100081
    2 Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101
    3 National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, Shandong
    4 Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs National Agricultural Green Development Long-Term Fixed Observation Danzhou Experimental Station, Danzhou 571737, Hainan
    5 Administrative Committee of Jiangning Hushu Modern Agricultural Industrial Park of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 211121
  • Received:2025-07-16 Accepted:2025-09-30 Online:2025-10-16 Published:2025-10-14
  • Contact: GAO Miao, ZHOU Wei

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Abstract:

【Objective】Soil salinization is a significant limiting factor for global agricultural production and food security. Based on the mutualistic symbiotic relationships between rhizosphere beneficial bacteria (PGPR) and plants, this study aimed to screen out PGPR strains that possessed multiple functions, such as salt tolerance, alkali tolerance, and promoting growth, with the salt-stressed soil from maize rhizosphere. The study would provide raw materials and theoretical basis for the development of microbial agents for salt-alkali soil improvement and support the comprehensive management of salt-alkali land. 【Method】The PGPR strains were isolated by using the dilution plate coating method. The isolates were identified through morphological and microscopic observation, Biolog Gen III microplate analysis, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A microcosmic experiment was employed to assess the salt-alkali tolerance and plant growth promotion potential (PGP) of the PGPR strains. 【Result】23 PGPR isolates were screened and obtained, and the PJ-3 isolate exhibited the optimal salt-alkali tolerance and PGP potential. It was identified as Myroides odoratimimus with the attributes of Gram-negative. Specifically, the strain PJ-3 possessed a robust fructose-glycolytic pathway and lactic acid-pyruvate and phosphosugar transformation systems, enabling tolerance to extreme saline-alkaline conditions of up to 5% NaCl with a pH of 11. Pot experiments further demonstrated that under moderate saline-alkaline stress, the strain PJ-3 significantly increased maize germination rate of maize by 70% and promoted plant height, leaf length, leaf width, aboveground fresh weight, and belowground fresh weight by over 50%. Further analysis revealed that its superior tolerance and PGP mechanisms included the secretion of proteases, siderophores, and the plant hormone IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by antioxidant enzymes SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) in maize. Moreover, it could stimulate the conservative growth strategy in roots, with the enchantment in root surface area, root tip number, branching frequency and root vigor. As a result, these positive effects improved the improved chlorophyll a-dominated photosynthesis. 【Conclusion】Collectively, it was the first to report that Myroides odoratimimus PJ-3 possesses multiple novel functions, including remarkable salt tolerance, alkali tolerance, and the promotion of both aboveground and belowground development in maize. It demonstrated broad application potential for the integrated management of saline-alkaline lands and agricultural development.

Key words: myroides odoratimimus, saline-alkali stress, promoting potential, root development, antioxidant enzyme activity

Fig. 1

Morphological characteristics (A) and Gram staining condition (B) of strain PJ-3 on NA medium"

Table 1

Utilization characteristics of strain PJ-3 for different carbon and nitrogen sources"

碳源种类
Carbon type		 利用特征
Utilization		 碳源种类
Carbon type		 利用特征
Utilization
碳源种类
Carbon type		 利用特征
Utilization
葡聚糖 Dextran - D-山梨醇 D-sorbitol - 粘液酸 Mucic acid -
D-麦芽糖 D-maltose - D-甘露醇 D-mannitol - 奎尼酸 Quinateic acid -
D-海藻糖 D-trehalose - D-阿拉伯醇 D-arabitol - D-葡糖二酸 D-glucaric acid -
D-纤维二糖 D-cellobiose - myo-肌醇 Myo-inositol - 万古霉素 Vancomycin +
龙胆二糖 Gentiobiose - 丙三醇 Glycerol - 四唑紫 Tetrazolium violet +
蔗糖 Sucrose - D-葡萄糖-6-PO4 D-glucose-6-PO4 - 四唑蓝 Tetrazolium blue +
葡聚糖 Glucan - D-果糖-6-PO4 D-fructose-6-PO4 + p-Hydroxy-苯乙酸 p-Hydroxy-phenylacetic acid -
D-松二糖 D-turanose - D-天冬氨酸 D-aspartic acid - 丙酮酸盐 Pyruvate -
水苏糖 Stachyose - D-丝氨酸 D-serine - D-乳酸甲酯 D-lactic methyl eslactate -
D-蜜三糖 D-raffinose - 醋竹桃霉素 Troleandomycin - L-乳酸 Lactic acid -
α-D-乳糖 α-D-lactose - 利福霉素SV Rifamycin SV + 柠檬酸 Citric acid -
D-蜜二糖 D-melibiose W 二甲胺四环素 Minocycline - α-Keto-戊二酸 α-Keto-valeric +
β-Methyl-D葡萄糖苷
β-Methyl-D glucoside		 - 明胶
Gelatin		 + D-羟基丁二酸
D-hydroxybutyric acid		 -
D-水杨甙 D-salicin - Glycyl-L-脯氨酸 Glycyl-L-proline + L-羟基丁二酸 L-hydroxybutyric acid +
N-Acetyl-D葡萄糖胺
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine		 - L-丙氨酸
L-alanine		 - Bromo-琥珀酸
Bromo-succinic acid		 -
N-Acetyl-β-D甘露糖胺
N-Acetyl-β-D-mannosamine		 - L-精氨酸
L-arginine		 - 萘啶酮酸
Nalidixic acid		 W
N-Acetyl-D半乳糖胺
N-Acetyl-D galactosamine		 - L-天(门)冬氨酸
L-aspartic acid		 + 氯化锂
Lithium chloride		 -
α-D-葡萄糖 α-D-glucose - L-谷氨酸 L-glutamic acid + 亚碲酸钾 Potassium tellurite -
D-甘露糖 D-mannose - L-组氨酸 L-histidine - 吐温40 Tween 40 -
D-果糖 D-fructose - L-焦谷氨酸 L-cysteine glutamate - γ-Amino-丁酸 γ-Amino-butyric acid -
D-半乳糖 D-galactose + L-丝氨酸 L-aspartic acid - α-Hydroxy-丁酸 α-Hydroxy-butyric acid -
3-Methyl 葡萄糖
3-Methyl glucose		 - 洁霉素
Lincomycin		 + β-Hydroxy-D,L-丁酸
β-hydroxy-D,L-butyric acid		 -
D-海藻糖 D-trehalose - 盐酸胍 Guanidinium chloride + α-Keto-丁酸 α-Keto-butyric acid -
L-海藻糖 L-trehalose W 硫酸四癸钠 Sodium tetradecyl sulfate - 乙酰乙酸 Acetoacetic acid -
L-鼠李糖 L-rhamnose W 果胶 Pectin - 丙酸 Propionic acid -
肌苷 Inosine - 半乳糖醛酸 D-galacturonic acid + 醋酸 Acetic acid -
1%乳酸钠 1% sodium lactate - L-半乳糖酸 L-galactonic acid + 甲酸 Formic acid -
梭链孢酸 Fusidic acid + D-葡(萄)糖酸 D-glucose acid - 氨曲南 Aztreonam +
D-丝氨酸 D-serine - 葡萄糖醛酸 D-glucuronic acid W 丁酸钠 Sodium butyrate +

Fig. 2

Phylogenetic tree of strain PJ-3 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence"

Fig. 3

Growth characteristics of strain PJ-3 under different salt stress (A) and alkali stress (B)"

Table 2

Promoting characteristics of strain PJ-3"

促生特征
Promoting characteristics		 透明圈或含量
Transparent ring or content
蛋白酶Protease (D/d) 4.37±1.07
铁载体Ironophore (D/d) 2.22±0.19
IAA (μg·mL-1) 1.35±0.32

Fig. 4

The effects of strain PJ-3 on the germination rate (A), shoot length (B), and root length (C) of maize seeds ** means highly significant difference with P<0.01。下同 The same as below"

Fig. 5

The effect of strain PJ-3 on the growth of maize"

Fig. 6

The effect of strain PJ-3 on the photosynthesis of maize leaves"

Fig. 7

The influence of strain PJ-3 on the root development of maize"

Fig. 8

The influence of strain PJ-3 on the stress-resistant enzyme activities in maize roots"

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