Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (16): 3178-3189.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.16.003

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• SPECIAL FOCUS: NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT FOR ANNUAL RICE-RAPESEED ROTATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Organic-Inorganic Fertilization Application and Deep Tillage Enhance Productivity and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Rice-Rapeseed Rotations

BU RongYan1(), CHENG WenLong1, WU Ji1, TANG Shan1, LI Min1, LU JianWei2, JI GenXue3, WANG Hui1, ZHU Rui1, JIANG FaHui1, TANG MengMeng1, HAN Shang1,*()   

  1. 1 Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences（National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality）/Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Arable Land Conservation of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031
    2 College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
    3 Chizhou Agricultural Science Research Institute, Chizhou 247000, Anhui
  • Received:2025-04-29 Accepted:2025-06-25 Online:2025-08-11 Published:2025-08-11
  • Contact: HAN Shang

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Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study is to elucidate the long-term effects of tillage practices and fertilization measures on annual crop yield and nutrient utilization in a rapeseed- rice rotation system in the Yangtze River Basin, for providing a scientific basis for sustainable nutrient management to achieve synergistic grain and oilseed production in the region.【Method】Based on a site-specific field experiment (2016-2023) with a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a split-plot design was adopted. The main treatments were different tillage methods: rotary tillage (RT, 12 cm depth) and deep tillage (DT, 20 cm depth). The sub-treatments included three fertilization regimes: no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer alone (F), and combined organic-inorganic fertilization (FM, where chemical fertilizer in the rice season matched the F treatment, while the rapeseed season received organic-chemical fertilization). This study analyzed the rapeseed and rice yields, nutrient uptake, and nutrient use efficiency, with a comprehensive evaluation incorporating yield stability index (YSI) and sustainability index (SYI).【Result】Compared with CK, fertilization application significantly increased rice and rapeseed yields by 47.6% and 288.1%, respectively, while improving yield stability (YSI increased by 6.1% and 10.6%) and sustainability (SYI increased by 14.7% and 16.7%). Fertilization was the primary factor influencing crop yield, with FM outperforming F. DT further enhanced rice (9.2%) and rapeseed (7.0%) yields compared with RT, while significantly improving rice and rapeseed yield stability (YSI decreased by 17.9% and 4.7%, respectively) and sustainability (SYI increased by 5.7% and 7.7%, respectively). Among all treatments, FM-DT achieved the highest yields, stability, and sustainability for both crops. Further analysis revealed that FM-DT most effectively promoted nutrient translocation to grains, increasing N and phosphorus (P) harvest indices. The N and P harvest indices reached 76.9% and 76.0% in rice and 68.5% and 69.5% in rapeseed, respectively. Organic fertilizer substitution reduced chemical fertilizer input but enhanced N and P use efficiency, increasing them by 23.1% and 24.5% in rice and 63.7% and 22.8% in rapeseed, respectively. DT combined with organic substitution further improved N and P apparent recovery efficiency. 【Conclusion】The integration of FM with DT significantly enhanced productivity, stability, and sustainability in the rice-rapeseed rotation system while improving nutrient use efficiency. This approach represented an effective nutrient management strategy for achieving sustainable development in rice-rapeseed rotation in the Yangtze River Basin.

Key words: rice-rapeseed rotation, organic fertilizer, tillage practice, yield, yield stability, yield sustainability, nutrient use efficiency

Fig. 1

Monthly mean temperature and precipitation during 2016-2023 at the experimental site"

Fig. 2

The crop yield of rice-rapeseed rotation under different treatments from 2017 to 2023 CK, F, and FM represent no chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer alone, and combined organic-inorganic fertilization, respectively; RT and DT represent rotary tillage and deep tillage, respectively. The same as below. (A) represents rapeseed yield during 2017 to 2023; (B) represents rice yield during 2017 to 2023; (C) represents annual energy yield of rice-rapeseed rotation during 2017 to 2023; (D) represents average rapeseed yield during 2017 to 2023; (E) represents average rice yield during 2017 to 2023; (F) represents average annual energy yield of rice-rapeseed rotation during 2017 to 2023. The different lowercase letters indicate the difference of 0.05 significant levels between tillage treatments, while different uppercase letters indicate the difference of 0.05 significant levels between fertilization treatments"

Table 1

The crop yield index in rice-rapeseed rotation under different treatments from 2017 to 2023"

项目
Item		 处理
Treatment		 油菜
Rapeseed		 水稻
Rice		 周年能值产量
Energy yield of rice-rapeseed
RT DT RT DT RT DT
产量稳定性指数
Yield stability index, YSI (%)		 CK 50.4a 45.7a 16.6a 12.9a 21.9a 17.7a
F 23.0b 22.1b 11.8b 10.5b 8.9b 7.3b
FM 19.3c 19.4c 9.9c 8.8c 7.3c 6.8b
产量可持续性指数
Sustainable yield index, SYI		 CK 0.278c 0.324c 0.645b 0.695c 0.565b 0.618b
F 0.518b 0.537b 0.738a 0.780b 0.819a 0.838a
FM 0.576a 0.591a 0.791a 0.820a 0.851a 0.860a

Fig. 3

The nutrition uptake in rice-rapeseed rotation under different treatments in 2023 Different lowercase letters indicate the difference of 0.05 significant levels between fertilization treatments"

Table 2

The nutrient harvest index in rice-rapeseed rotation under different treatments (%)"

作物
Crop		 处理
Treatment		 氮素 NHI 磷素 PHI 钾素 KHI
RT DT RT DT RT DT
油菜
Rapeseed		 CK 45.8c 52.6b 56.1b 62.1b 19.6a 17.5b
F 62.1b 68.5a 65.8a 68.3a 19.6a 19.3ab
FM 68.5a 70.7a 69.4a 70.5a 18.3a 20.0a
水稻
Rice		 CK 61.1c 70.2c 65.0c 67.6c 12.9a 12.0a
F 69.8b 73.9b 71.7b 71.2b 13.7a 13.4a
FM 73.8a 76.9a 74.2a 76.0a 12.9a 13.9a
轮作周年
Annual rotation		 CK 58.2c 67.0b 63.5b 66.7b 15.6a 14.3a
F 67.1b 72.0a 69.2a 70.0a 16.2a 15.8a
FM 71.9a 74.7a 72.1a 73.6a 15.1a 16.4a

Table 3

The Nutrient apparent recovery efficiency in rice-rapeseed rotation under different treatments (%)"

作物
Crop		 处理
Treatment		 氮素 NREU 磷素 PREU 钾素 KREU
RT DT RT DT RT DT
油菜
Rapeseed		 F 29.4b 32.3b 24.7b 26.0b 70.0a 74.7a
FM 36.9a 38.4a 30.1a 33.1a 73.0a 77.4a
水稻
Rice		 F 31.5b 34.7b 32.5b 34.6b 50.2b 52.8b
FM 50.6a 57.8a 38.8a 43.7a 53.5a 55.4a
轮作周年
Annual rotation		 F 30.4b 33.4b 28.6b 30.3b 68.7a 72.9a
FM 36.2a 39.3a 34.4a 38.4a 72.3a 75.9a

Table 4

Nutrient apparent balance in rice-rapeseed rotation under different treatments"

作物
Crop		 处理
Treatment		 氮 Nitrogen (kg N·hm-2) 磷 Phosphorus (kg P2O5·hm-2) 钾 Potassium (kg K2O·hm-2)
投入Input 支出Output 平衡Balance 投入Input 支出Output 平衡Balance 投入Input 支出Output 平衡Balance
RT/DT DT RT DT RT RT/DT DT RT DT RT RT/DT DT RT DT RT
化肥
Chemical fertilizer		 有机肥
Organic fertilizer		 化肥
Chemical fertilizer		 有机肥
Organic fertilizer		 化肥
Chemical fertilizer		 有机肥
Organic fertilizer
油菜
Rapeseed		 CK 0 0 18.3 16.4 -18.3 -16.4 0 0 4.6 4.2 -4.6 -4.2 0 0 95.9 87.3 -95.9 -87.3
F 180.0 0 80.8 73.1 99.2 106.9 75 0 30.6 28.6 44.4 46.4 90 0 159.3 147.6 -69.3 -57.6
FM 144.0 36 91.1 80.2 88.9 99.8 29.9 45.1 37.4 33.3 37.6 41.7 73.4 16.6 162.3 151.5 -72.3 -61.5
水稻
Rice		 CK 0.0 0 81.4 70.6 -81.4 -70.6 0 0 23.9 20.7 -23.9 -20.7 0 0 139.9 126.9 -139.9 -126.9
F 210 0 149.3 132.4 60.7 77.6 75 0 43.4 39.2 31.6 35.8 120 0 229.5 210.9 -109.5 -90.9
FM 210 0 162.0 148.0 48.0 62.0 75 0 48.7 43.3 26.3 31.7 120 0 232.8 214.5 -112.8 -94.5
周年
Annual rotation		 CK 0 0 99.7 87.0 -99.7 -87.0 0 0 28.5 24.9 -28.5 -24.9 0 0 235.8 214.2 -235.8 -214.2
F 390 0 230.1 205.4 159.9 184.6 150 0 74.0 67.8 76.0 82.2 210 0 388.8 358.4 -178.8 -148.4
FM 354 36 253.1 228.2 136.9 161.8 104.9 45.1 86.1 76.6 63.9 73.4 193.4 16.6 395.1 366.0 -185.1 -156.0
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