氮肥对垄沟集雨种植谷子氮素利用效率及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.05.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the response of foxtail millet growth and yield to nitrogen fertilizer under ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting planting model, in order to provide a theoretical basis for high yield and efficient production of foxtail millet in the semi-arid regions of the Loess Plateau. 【Method】Shaan-Yugu No. 3 variety was selected for field experiments from 2022 to 2023, and split plot design was adopted. The main plot were different planting models (Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting planting model, R; Traditional plain planting model, T), and the sub-plot were different nitrogen application levels (0 kg·hm^-2, N0; 60 kg·hm^-2, N1; 135 kg·hm^-2, N2; 210 kg·hm^-2, N3). The net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of flag leaves of foxtail millet, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation of aboveground population at different growth stages, agronomic traits and yield at maturity stage, and nitrogen utilization rate were measured under different planting models. 【Result】Under the same nitrogen application rate, compared with the traditional plain planting model, the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of flag leaves under the ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting planting model increased only at the filling stage in 2022 with more rainfall and increased at the heading, flowering, and filling stages in 2023 with less rainfall. The ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting planting model enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of foxtail millet in the middle and later stages of growth and delayed leaf senescence during the two years. The dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation of the aboveground population of foxtail millet increased during the jointing, filling, and maturity stages in 2022, and increased at all growth stages in 2023. There was no significant difference between N1, N2, and N3, and the aboveground dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation increased by 0.6% to 39.5% and 0.9% to 51.1%, respectively. The grain nitrogen accumulation, post-flowering nitrogen accumulation, and post-flowering nitrogen contribution rate to grain have significantly increased over the past two years, meeting the nutrient needs of foxtail millet throughout its entire growth stage and improving insufficient nitrogen supply in the later growth stage of foxtail millet under traditional plain planting model. Nitrogen partial productivity increased between two years, increasing by 3.7% to 14.3% and 2.8% to 27.6%, respectively. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency slightly decreased at a nitrogen application rate of 210 kg·hm^-2 in 2022, while the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency both decreased when the nitrogen application rate exceeded 135 kg·hm^-2 in 2023. Meanwhile, nitrogen partial productivity, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency decreased with the increase in nitrogen application rate. The ear diameter and single ear weight of foxtail millet increased between two years, while the ear length decreased. The yield has significantly increased between two years, increasing by 3.7% to 14.3% and 2.8% to 27.6%, respectively. The yield increase effect was more significant in 2023 with less rainfall, and there was no significant increase in yield when the nitrogen application rate exceeded 60 kg·hm^-2. 【Conclusion】In the semi-arid regions of the Loess Plateau, the ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting planting model combined with 60 to 135 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen fertilizer is more beneficial to the nitrogen utilization and yield formation of foxtail millet.

Key words: foxtail millet, the ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting planting model, nitrogen utilization, yield, Loess Plateau

ZHOU HaoLu, SHEN ZhaoYang, LUO XinYu, HUANG YingHui, WANG KeXin, WANG YunHao, GAO XiaoLi. The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Foxtail Millet in Ridge-Furrow Rainwater Harvesting Planting Model[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(5): 885-899.

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年份 Year	处理Treatment		抽穗期Heading stage		成熟期Maturity stage
年份 Year	种植模式 Planting models	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	0-10 cm	10-20 cm	0-10 cm	10-20 cm
2022	T	N0	8.66	7.30	6.17	8.46
		N1	8.41	4.98	6.27	8.31
		N2	9.54	7.84	5.60	7.65
		N3	8.07	6.66	6.18	6.34
	R	N0	6.31	10.89	5.93	6.26
		N1	4.59	10.87	6.91	9.26
		N2	4.78	10.15	7.91	9.87
		N3	4.83	10.06	5.49	7.26
2023	T	N0	2.57	3.06	6.86	7.01
		N1	3.06	3.12	6.74	7.79
		N2	2.67	3.72	5.04	5.68
		N3	3.71	4.15	7.03	7.98
	R	N0	3.67	4.19	7.86	8.20
		N1	4.26	4.71	7.02	7.22
		N2	3.70	3.97	6.37	6.69
		N3	6.13	6.05	8.92	9.53

年份 Year	处理Treatment		生育时期Growing stage
年份 Year	种植模式 Planting models	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	开花期 Flowering stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	成熟期 <BOLD>M</BOLD>aturity stage
2022	T	N0	15.38±1.78d	39.37±5.78d	52.18±4.91e	57.02±2.64g	71.65±2.85f
		N1	22.56±1.12c	63.40±7.31c	79.64±4.29d	85.23±2.26e	100.59±2.36d
		N2	28.95±2.30b	76.08±8.46b	111.61±5.68b	116.27±3.43c	133.49±7.20c
		N3	37.67±0.85a	109.32±10.82a	129.97±6.86a	134.06±8.10b	150.59±6.89b
	R	N0	23.45±2.11c	32.67±3.14d	55.87±4.53e	72.59±1.81f	89.73±4.25e
		N1	35.17±2.50a	57.38±2.08c	88.53±7.92cd	104.13±4.42d	126.57±8.07c
		N2	37.40±3.30a	56.92±4.91c	97.88±1.75c	139.38±6.03b	152.95±7.05b
		N3	38.46±3.02a	79.84±9.93b	120.52±6.66ab	151.24±7.37a	171.04±6.93a
2023	T	N0	7.07±0.39d	33.87±2.12c	42.50±2.03f	50.79±2.71e	61.79±1.76e
		N1	12.51±0.70c	49.04±3.56b	65.85±1.09d	80.12±2.14c	90.95±2.37c
		N2	18.89±1.68ab	59.75±2.93a	77.07±3.66c	90.83±5.12b	106.33±3.19b
		N3	18.03±1.36b	60.54±2.30a	80.13±4.45bc	88.31±3.09b	107.14±5.62b
	R	N0	10.68±0.87c	37.78±1.48c	53.93±4.30e	69.90±3.56d	84.15±3.27d
		N1	18.73±0.63ab	62.22±5.37a	85.43±4.03ab	104.20±3.36a	124.51±2.75a
		N2	20.69±1.35a	65.16±2.84a	87.00±3.69a	109.69±8.14a	124.76±1.65a
		N3	19.05±0.94ab	61.09±6.86a	83.09±2.60abc	104.76±5.11a	120.72±2.02a
显著性Significance
年份Year (Y)			**	**	**	**	**
种植模式Planting models (P)			**	**	**	**	**
施氮量Nitrogen rate (N)			**	**	**	**	**
Y×P			**	**	**	ns	ns
Y×N			**	**	**	**	**
P×N			**	**	**	ns	*
Y×P×N			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	处理Treatment		籽粒氮素积累量 Grain nitrogen accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	花后氮素积累量 Post-flowering nitrogen accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	花后氮素对籽粒贡献率 Post-flowering nitrogen contribution rate to grain (%)
年份 Year	种植模式 Planting models	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	籽粒氮素积累量 Grain nitrogen accumulation (kg·hm^-2)
2022	T	N0	52.45±1.02e	19.47±2.22c	37.14±4.51b
		N1	74.17±2.69d	20.95±2.45c	28.26±3.30c
		N2	98.44±3.38c	21.88±1.61c	22.21±0.91d
		N3	107.87±4.19b	20.62±2.10c	19.12±1.93d
	R	N0	68.10±3.19d	33.85±3.51b	49.71±4.68a
		N1	95.66±5.69c	38.05±0.90b	39.86±2.46b
		N2	114.59±5.92b	55.07±5.34a	48.00±2.65a
		N3	126.01±5.31a	50.53±3.88a	40.15±3.71b
2023	T	N0	45.95±1.65e	19.29±3.69d	41.82±6.66ab
		N1	64.92±2.54d	25.10±2.09cd	38.62±1.84ab
		N2	78.34±4.24c	29.26±6.46c	37.21±6.71ab
		N3	79.38±4.10c	27.01±3.78c	33.98±3.72b
	R	N0	64.95±2.01d	30.22±5.75bc	46.51±8.74a
		N1	92.10±2.71a	39.08±1.30a	42.48±2.66ab
		N2	92.22±2.72a	37.76±5.34ab	40.86±4.56ab
		N3	86.88±1.85a	37.63±2.51ab	43.31±2.69ab
显著性Significance
年份Year (Y)			**	ns	**
种植模式Planting models (P)			**	**	**
施氮量Nitrogen rate (N)			**	**	**
Y×P			ns	**	**
Y×N			**	ns	ns
P×N			**	*	ns
Y×P×N			*	**	ns

年份Year	处理Treatment		株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	穗长 Ear length (cm)	穗粗 Ear diameter (mm)	单穗重 Single ear weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
年份Year	种植模式 Planting models	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	穗长 Ear length (cm)	穗粗 Ear diameter (mm)	单穗重 Single ear weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2022	T	N0	114.3±1.7d	8.4±0.4d	17.0±1.1d	18.8±0.5e	14.38±1.15d	3429.8±172.2f
		N1	137.3±3.4ab	8.6±0.5d	23.0±0.7bc	22.3±2.1d	19.55±2.06c	4399.2±254.2d
		N2	135.2±4.9abc	11.7±1.6ab	25.3±2.4ab	32.7±2.1bc	25.51±0.93ab	5500.5±195.8b
		N3	130.6±6.2bc	11.9±0.9ab	27.5±2.5a	33.5±2.5bc	26.06±0.25a	5658.3±164.4ab
	R	N0	126.1±7.4c	9.2±0.4cd	15.8±0.8d	19.8±0.4de	18.12±0.92c	3804.0±93.8e
		N1	131.8±1.5bc	10.4±0.7bc	21.8±0.8c	30.4±3.0c	23.40±1.46b	5026.9±192.7c
		N2	142.6±7.5a	11.6±0.5ab	24.8±1.2ab	36.8±1.4a	27.43±0.86a	5958.8±263.7a
		N3	139.7±5.3ab	12.0±0.9a	23.4±1.2bc	34.6±0.6ab	26.63±1.33a	5869.2±152.7a
2023	T	N0	99.4±3.4e	8.6±0.8c	20.6±1.3cd	22.8±1.6c	14.21±0.98c	3179.3±90.6d
		N1	102.0±3.6de	9.2±0.7c	23.7±1.6ad	27.0±1.4b	18.90±1.61b	4145.4±105.3b
		N2	106.8±2.0cd	11.2±1.0a	24.9±2.0a	29.6±0.6ab	23.13±1.32a	5154.7±314.0a
		N3	116.3±2.0ab	10.8±0.9ab	25.3±0.6a	30.3±1.3a	22.47±1.17a	5047.3±353.8a
	R	N0	105.2±5.0cde	9.1±0.9c	19.5±1.5d	24.3±2.3c	16.99±1.67b	3588.1±194.2c
		N1	109.7±4.0bc	10.2±1.0abc	21.7±1.5bcd	31.0±0.5a	23.99±1.41a	5291.3±235.4a
		N2	108.3±3.1cd	9.5±0.8bc	22.8±1.7abc	29.7±1.4ab	24.82±0.81a	5356.8±148.0a
		N3	120.7±6.1a	9.9±0.7abc	24.1±1.0ab	31.3±2.1a	23.17±0.91a	5190.5±208.3a
显著性 Significance
年份Year (Y)			**	**	ns	ns	**	**
种植模式Planting models (P)			**	ns	**	**	**	**
施氮量Nitrogen rate( N)			**	**	**	**	**	**
Y×P			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Y×N			**	*	**	**	**	**
P×N			ns	**	ns	**	**	**
Y×P×N			*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Foxtail Millet in Ridge-Furrow Rainwater Harvesting Planting Model

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