Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (15): 3010-3022.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.15.008

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Soil Film Tillage on Soil and Crop in Farmland

YANG ShiQi(), YAN Xin, HAN Yu   

  1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2023-09-27 Accepted:2023-11-18 Online:2024-08-05 Published:2024-08-05

Abstract:

Objective】To make clear the agricultural productive value of soil film tillage, the effects of soil film tillage on soil moisture, temperature and nutrient changes in farmland were explored, and the effects of soil film on crop root growth and yield were revealed too, so as to provide the theoretical basis and technical methods for the application of soil film.【Method】Soil film was induced by spraying a 1.0% concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose ammonium (CMC-NH4) aqueous solution, and the field experiment was conducted with five treatments, including 0 (CK), 50.0 (T1), 100.0 (T2), 200.0 (T3), and 300.0 kg·hm-2 (T4). The effects of CMC-NH4 application rate on soil moisture, temperature, nutrients, microorganisms, crop roots and yield in multiple cropping of spring wheat and summer maize were studied.【Result】Soil film treatment of spring wheat and summer maize could increase average daily soil moisture content by 3.3%-7.0% (P<0.05, the same as below) and 1.9%-6.1%, average daily temperature by 7.9%-12.6% and 5.6%-11.7%, contribution of soil accumulated temperature of growth period by 88.98-141.94 ℃ and 60.25-136.65 ℃, root length of 0-30 cm soil layer by 37.5%-17.1% and 11.2%-1.7%, root surface area of 0-30 cm soil layer by 15.3%-4.5% and 12.5%-9.2%, respectively, and root biomass (dry weight) in 0-30 cm soil layer were enhanced by 17.0%-41.5% and 30.9%-36.7%, respectively. Finally, the grain yield of spring wheat per unit area was increased by 7.3%-18.8% and above-ground dry weight of summer maize per unit area was increased by 33.6%-49.0%. and the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content as well as soil microbial diversity were improved too. 【Conclusion】As a novel type of soil tillage, soil film had the function of farmland coverage, which greatly contributed to improve soil hydrothermal environment, and promote nutrient absorption and utilization, root growth and crop yield. At the same time, soil film produced the important technique and method to make the better plough layer structure that is “compact surface, loose top and tight bottom of plough layer”, which would support the improvement of crop productivity, farmland soil amendment and agricultural high-quality development. In this study, the recommended application rate was 100.0 kg·hm-2 in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area.

Key words: soil film tillage (soil film), soil, crops, effects, carboxymethyl cellulose ammonium (CMC-NH4)

Fig. 1

Effects of soil film on soil moisture content of spring wheat (A) and summer maize (B)"

Fig. 2

Effects of soil film on soil temperature of spring wheat (A) and summer maize (B)"

Table 1

Effects of soil film on soil nutrient content of spring wheat"

土层深度
Soil depth
(cm)
处理Treatment 有机质
Organic matter (g·kg-1)
全氮
Total nitrogen (g·kg-1)
全磷
Total phosphorus (g·kg-1)
全钾
Total potassium (g·kg-1)
水解氮
Hydrolysis nitrogen (mg·kg-1)
硝态氮
Nitrate nitrogen (mg·kg-1)
有效磷
Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1)
速效钾
Available potassium (mg·kg-1)
0-10
CK 14.03±0.51b 0.084±0.004c 0.075±0.001a 1.75±0.02ab 61.63±2.44c 6.47±0.19d 26.50±0.79d 116.67±3.79d
T1 15.37±0.19b 0.089±0.001b 0.079±0.004a 1.68±0.08b 64.27±0.76bc 9.28±0.29a 32.77±0.12c 125.00±2.65d
T2 17.87±0.40a 0.104±0.002a 0.082±0.001a 1.77±0.03ab 70.37±1.48a 7.12±0.27c 42.70±0.36a 149.67±7.64b
T3 17.53±0.19a 0.102±0.005a 0.079±0.003a 1.78±0.02ab 62.17±1.03c 7.66±0.19b 32.30±0.42c 134.67±1.15c
T4 18.17±0.28a 0.107±0.002a 0.096±0.002a 1.83±0.05a 66.93±2.17b 7.63±0.25b 36.17±0.40b 165.67±6.51a
10-20 CK 21.70±1.14a 0.127±0.003a 0.078±0.003a 1.69±0.15a 71.43±1.60a 15.73±2.38a 25.63±0.29b 151.67±3.06a
T1 15.30±0.61d 0.090±0.002d 0.090±0.026a 1.76±0.05a 61.53±2.90d 8.10±0.16b 24.05±0.92c 101.00±1.00d
T2 16.93±0.40c 0.099±0.003c 0.077±0.001a 1.76±0.06a 67.83±1.92ab 7.89±0.40b 28.37±0.29a 118.33±5.13c
T3 18.40±0.10b 0.107±0.001b 0.077±0.001a 1.83±0.01a 66.73±2.51bc 6.97±0.43b 23.93±0.55c 107.00±10.58d
T4 16.80±0.61c 0.093±0.004d 0.073±0.001a 1.81±0.06a 63.03±0.68cd 7.64±0.26b 22.4±0.30d 137.67±2.52b

Table 2

Effects of soil film on soil nutrient content of summer maize"

土层深度
Soil depth
(cm)
处理
Treatment
有机质
Organic matter
(g·kg-1)
全氮
Total nitrogen (g·kg-1)
全磷
Total phosphorus (g·kg-1)
全钾
Total potassium (g·kg-1)
水解氮
Hydrolysis nitrogen (mg·kg-1)
硝态氮
Nitrate nitrogen (mg·kg-1)
有效磷
Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1)
速效钾
Available potassium (mg·kg-1)
0-10 CK 13.47±1.27c 0.090±0.001d 0.090±0.002a 1.50±0.14b 60.47±2.37c 6.75±3.74b 24.27±2.39c 104.33±4.04c
T1 16.73±0.84b 0.100±0.002c 0.093±0.007a 1.33±0.23b 63.97±0.81c 7.94±1.89a 32.37±0.80b 169.00±36.59a
T2 13.53±1.78c 0.094±0.002c 0.092±0.003a 1.52±0.16b 67.60±2.72b 8.20±1.56a 28.30±0.70c 108.67±13.28c
T3 16.20±0.35b 0.130±0.013b 0.093±0.001a 1.81±0.09a 70.83±0.47b 8.26±0.13a 27.47±0.92c 120.00±5.29b
T4 21.13±2.22a 0.140±0.002a 0.090±0.003a 1.65±0.28ab 96.67±1.43a 8.80±0.31a 43.00±1.11a 158.00±7.00a
10-20 CK 12.70±1.67b 0.087±0.003c 0.087±0.002b 1.72±0.08a 66.27±0.91a 14.14±7.27a 23.63±0.57c 97.33±3.21d
T1 14.57±2.65b 0.092±0.003b 0.090±0.004b 1.52±0.09b 64.90±2.33a 5.06±0.68b 29.77±0.45b 113.00±4.58b
T2 18.33±6.18b 0.094±0.004b 0.096±0.006a 1.73±0.26a 69.00±2.70a 12.71±3.80a 34.70±0.36a 128.00±3.61a
T3 17.13±1.88a 0.101±0.002a 0.091±0.004ab 1.72±0.14a 68.60±2.55a 4.01±1.30b 24.00±0.70d 104.67±1.53c
T4 17.23±0.23a 0.106±0.002a 0.096±0.002a 1.79±0.16a 69.10±2.27a 3.83±0.23c 29.03±1.31b 137.00±9.54a

Fig. 3

Effects of soil film on soil microorganism diversity of spring wheat (A) and summer maize (B)"

Fig. 4

Effects of soil film on root length (A) and surface area (B) of spring wheat"

Fig. 5

Effects of soil film on root length (A) and surface area (B) of summer maize"

Fig. 6

Effects of soil film on root biomass of spring wheat (A) and summer maize (B) in 0-30 cm soil layer"

Fig. 7

Effects of soil film on yield of spring wheat (A) and dry weight of summer maize (B)"

Fig. 8

Comparison of soil film induced by spraying different concentration of CMC-NH4 aqueous solution(from left to right: 1.0%, 0 and 1.5%)"

Fig. 9

Soil film induced by spraying a 1.0% concentration of CMC-NH4 aqueous solution on field (the middle is CK)"

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