小麦穗长QTL鉴定及其遗传分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.24.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Spike length (SL) plays an important role in determining spike structure and yield potential of wheat. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for spike length were excavated and their genetic effects were further analyzed to provide theoretical basis for molecular breeding. 【Method】This study consisted of a population of 198 F₆ recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from the cross between the natural mutant msf and the cultivar Chuannong 16 (MC population). The MC population and its parents were planted in five different environments including Wenjiang in 2021 and 2022 (2021WJ and 2022WJ); Chongzhou in 2021 and 2022 (2021CZ and 2022CZ); and Ya’an in 2021 (2021YA) for spike length measurement. The 16K SNP chip-based constructed high-quality and high-density genetic linkage maps were used to map QTL for spike length. Additionally, the genotype of the flanking markers for the major spike length QTL was used to analyze its genetic effect on yield-related traits and thus to evaluate its potentiality for yield improvement.【Result】A total of 14 QTL for spike length were identified and they were mainly distributed on chromosomes 1A (one), 1B (one), 2B (one), 3D (three), 4A (one), 4D (two), 5A (one), 5B (one), 7A (one), 7B (one), and 7D (one). Among them, QSl.sau.1A was detected in four environments and the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) value, explained 6.46% to 20.12% of the phenotypic variation, and thus was regarded as a major QTL. The positive allele at QSl.sau.1A came from the parental line msf. QTL analysis across multiple environments also detected QSl.sau.1A, indicating it exhibits minimal environmental influence and represents a major and stably expressed QTL. The effect of QSl.sau.1A was successfully verified in two populations with different genetic backgrounds. Genetic effects analysis showed that the positive allele of QSl.sau.1A showed a significant effect on improving grain number per spike (12.68%), grain weight per spike (14.99%), 1000-grain weight (5.79%), flag leaf width (2.94%), spikelet number (1.48%), and flowering date (0.61%), and a significant effect of reducing plant height (-6.47%) and effective tiller number (-36.11%).【Conclusion】A major and stably expressed spike length QTL, QSl.sau.1A, was detected on chromosome 1A. Its positive allele significantly increased grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, thousand grain weight, and spikelet number per spike, indicating its great breeding value.

Key words: wheat, 16K SNP array, QTL, spike length, yield

YAO QiFu, ZHOU JieGuang, WANG Jian, CHEN HuangXin, YANG YaoYao, LIU Qian, YAN Lei, WANG Ying, ZHOU JingZhong, CUI FengJuan, JIANG Yun, MA Jian. Identification and Genetic Analysis of QTL for Spike Length in Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(24): 4814-4825.

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References 30

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性状 Trait	环境 Environment	亲本Parents		重组自交系RIL
性状 Trait	环境 Environment	msf	川农16 CN16	范围 Range	均值±标准差 Mean±SD	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis
穗长 Spike length (cm)	2021WJ	14.33**	10.24	8.95-18.68	12.16±1.29	0.97	2.87
	2021CZ	9.84**	8.90	7.29-14.70	9.93±1.21	1.04	1.96
	2021YA	12.40^N	8.60	7.05-15.50	11.1±1.65	0.14	-0.19
	2022WJ	14.36**	9.74	8.03-16.59	11.47±1.35	0.52	0.71
	2022CZ	13.08**	10.68	8.17-16.95	11.76±1.50	0.19	-0.01
	BLUP	12.44	10.03	9.71-14.38	11.29±0.75	0.35	0.51

差异来源 Source	基因型 Genotype	环境 Environment	基因型×环境互作 G×E interaction	区组/环境 Block/E	误差 Error
自由度Degrees of freedom	197	4	734	5.00	905
均方Mean square	9.28	282.26	2.33	0.07	0.31
F临界值F value	29.73	903.66	7.46	0.23
P值P value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.95

性状 Trait	穗长 Spike length
株高Plant height	0.06
有效分蘖数Effective tiller number	-0.45**
小穗数Spikelet number per spike	0.43**
每穗籽粒数Kernel number per spike	0.64**
每穗粒重Kernel weight per spike	0.50**
千粒重Thousand kernel weight	-0.02
旗叶长Flag leaf length	0.04
旗叶宽Flag leaf width	0.11
开花期Flowering date	0.13

QTL	染色体 Chromosome	标记区间 Marker interval	位置 Position (cM)	环境 Environment	LOD	表型变异率 PVE (%)	加性效应 Addition effect
QSl.sau.1A	1A	1A_1208254-1A_39112087	0	2021CZ	3.06	6.46	0.31
	1A	1A_1208254-1A_3911208	0	2022CZ	6.77	11.70	0.49
	1A	1A_3911208-1A_10060497	1	2021WJ	8.42	13.06	0.51
	1A	1A_1208254-1A_3911208	0	2022WJ	11.44	20.12	0.59
	1A	1A_1208254-1A_3911208	0	BLUP	10.53	17.51	0.31
QSl.sau.1B	1B	1B_627919768-1B_643249550	50	2021WJ	2.60	3.90	-0.28
QSl.sau.2B	2B	2B_703728317-2B_712659058	209	2021WJ	4.18	6.23	0.35
QSl.sau.3D.1	3D	3D_604256246-3D_610079701	27	2021CZ	2.58	5.57	0.29
QSl.sau.3D.2	3D	3D_70735603-3D_84658486	56	2022CZ	3.49	6.09	0.35
QSl.sau.3D.3	3D	3D_345120579-3D_350582175	67	2022WJ	5.12	8.40	0.38
QSl.sau.3D.3	3D	3D_345120579-3D_350582175	67	BLUP	3.00	4.57	0.16
QSl.sau.4A	4A	4A_639942192-4A_679248111	31	2022CZ	4.38	7.52	0.39
QSl.sau.4A	4A	4A_639942192-4A_679248111	31	BLUP	4.45	7.07	0.20
QSl.sau.4D.1	4D	4D_10917137-4D_54598748	6	BLUP	2.59	6.08	-0.19
QSl.sau.4D.2	4D	4D_481390193-4D_484488681	54	2021YA	2.52	7.35	0.45
QSl.sau.5A	5A	5A_667964439-5A_671488533	29	2022WJ	2.75	4.36	0.27
QSl.sau.5B	5B	5B_541684640-5B_530691925	71	2021WJ	3.69	5.50	0.33
QSl.sau.7A	7A	7A_62032879-7A_67671869	48	2022WJ	3.73	6.06	-0.32
QSl.sau.7A	7A	7A_62032879-7A_67671869	48	2022CZ	3.51	5.90	-0.35
QSl.sau.7B	7B	7B_43849-7B_3090779	2	2022CZ	4.23	7.57	0.39
QSl.sau.7B	7B	7B_43849-7B_3090779	2	BLUP	3.02	4.90	0.17
QSl.sau.7D	7D	7D_70115592-7D_86750000	17	2021WJ	3.20	5.02	0.31

QTL	标记区间 Marker interval	阈值 LOD	LOD (A)	LOD (AbyE)	表型变异率 PVE (%)	PVE (A)	PVE (AbyE)	加性效应 Add
QSl.sau.1A	1A_1208254-1A_3911208	39.37	28.42	10.95	10.51	9.31	1.20	0.38
--	2A_53613442-2A_82027007	5.58	4.31	1.27	1.42	1.28	0.14	0.14
--	2A_564267619-2A_561241398	5.48	4.70	0.78	1.49	1.42	0.06	0.15
--	2A_605590450-2A_631788025	6.67	5.54	1.13	1.77	1.61	0.15	0.16
QSl.sau.4A	4A_639942192-4A_679248111	15.41	11.29	4.12	3.81	3.46	0.35	0.23
--	5A_470176289-5A_471914902	5.17	3.09	2.08	1.44	0.93	0.50	0.12
--	5A_512433953-5A_523864082	5.12	2.98	2.15	1.26	0.91	0.35	0.12
--	5A_691403852-5A_693635094	7.64	4.29	3.35	1.57	1.31	0.26	0.14
QSl.sau.7A	7A_62032879-7A_67671869	7.91	4.75	3.15	2.10	1.44	0.66	-0.15
QSl.sau.2B	2B_703728317-2B_712659058	6.06	3.78	2.29	1.52	1.16	0.37	0.14
--	5B_496582254-5B_505769526	6.31	2.99	3.32	1.40	0.86	0.54	0.12
QSl.sau.5B	5B_530691925-5B_547522719	5.17	3.23	1.94	1.40	0.99	0.42	0.13
QSl.sau.7B	7B_43849-7B_3090779	11.48	6.95	4.53	2.98	2.11	0.87	0.18
--	7B_90885206-7B_99090151	5.07	2.65	2.42	0.98	0.81	0.17	-0.11
QSl.sau.3D.2	3D_68039763-3D_70735603	9.99	5.94	4.04	2.49	1.84	0.65	0.17
QSl.sau.3D.3	3D_350582175-3D_352155972	6.73	2.59	4.14	1.94	0.79	1.15	0.11
QSl.sau.3D.1	3D_604256246-3D_610079701	8.57	6.68	1.89	2.24	2.02	0.21	0.18
--	5D_506205528-5D_483300147	5.92	2.67	3.25	1.47	0.77	0.70	-0.11
QSl.sau.7D	7D_70115592-7D_86750000	6.08	4.68	1.40	1.53	1.37	0.16	0.15
--	7D_91560930-7D_113753770	5.82	4.74	1.08	1.61	1.44	0.17	0.15

Identification and Genetic Analysis of QTL for Spike Length in Wheat

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