西北内陆早熟陆地棉品种的综合评价及育种演化

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.01.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This paper evaluated comprehensively early maturity upland cotton varieties in northwest inland cotton-growing region of China, and uncovered the evolution rules of the main traits from the breeding cultivars in the region. It provides a useful reference for recommendation and breeding of main cotton varieties in northwest inland region. 【Method】A total of 110 early-maturing upland cotton varieties which were approved in northwest inland cotton-growing region from 1988 to 2021 were applied, and phenotypic identification of 12 main traits related to early maturity, yield, fiber quality and plant architecture was carried out in Dunhuang, Gansu province and Shihezi, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Clustering analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were respectively used to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics of the cultivars, and carry out the breeding evolution analysis of their main traits. 【Result】The phenotype value of 12 main traits had large distribution range from 110 early-maturing upland cotton varieties in northwest inland cotton-growing region of China. The variation coefficient in descending order is: fruit branch length (FBL), boll number per plant (BN), boll opening rate (BOR), boll weight (BW), fiber micronaire (FM), fiber strength (FS), lint percentage (LP), fiber length (FL), flowering time (FT), fruit branch angle (FBA), fiber elongation (FE), and fiber uniformity (FU). By cluster analysis, these cultivars were divided into four groups: Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, which were the population of high fiber quality, early maturity, loose plant type and high yield, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that early maturity was negatively correlated with yield and fiber quality related to traits, while the yield related to traits were positively correlated with the fiber quality traits, and most of them reached significant or extremely significant level. The 12 main traits were simplified into four principal components which had cumulative contribution rate of 66.92%. Based on the comprehensive evaluation results of these varieties by principal components, an excellent cultivar Zhongmian 113 ranked the first in the 110 early-maturing upland cotton varieties with a score of 0.67, which was characterized by early maturity, high yield and excellent fiber quality, and relatively loose plant type. Additionally, it was found that the early maturity character of cotton varieties approved in Gansu province was significantly better than that of varieties approved in northwest inland region and Xinjiang province, and the traits related to yield and fiber quality of cotton varieties approved in Gansu province were significantly lower than those of varieties approved in northwest inland region and Xinjiang province. During the breeding evolution of early maturing upland cotton varieties in northwest of China for more than 30 years, most of the traits related to yield and fiber quality showed significant upward trends, and the plant type was becoming more compact. BN was negatively correlated with BW, LP, FL and FS in early cultivars, while BN was positively correlated with BW, LP, FL and FS in recent cultivars. 【Conclusion】In the process of breeding and improvement of early maturing upland cotton varieties in northwest of China, the main traits related to yield and fiber quality had wide distribution, and they had significant improvement trends year by year. In the recently developed varieties, BN, FL and FS had been improved cooperatively.

Key words: upland cotton, early maturity, yield, fiber quality, plant architecture, northwest inland cotton-growing region of China, breeding evolution

WANG CaiXiang,YUAN WenMin,LIU JuanJuan,XIE XiaoYu,MA Qi,JU JiSheng,CHEN Da,WANG Ning,FENG KeYun,SU JunJi. Comprehensive Evaluation and Breeding Evolution of Early Maturing Upland Cotton Varieties in the Northwest Inland of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 1-16.

Figures/Tables 8

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性状 Trait	环境 Env.	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
开花时间 FT (d)	敦煌DH	64.00	84.33	75.74	3.10	4.09
	石河子SHZ	64.33	81.33	74.90	2.98	3.98
	平均Mean	67.00	80.83	75.31	3.02	4.01
吐絮率 BOR (%)	敦煌DH	43.28	100.00	82.31	10.36	12.59
	石河子SHZ	32.91	98.99	74.18	12.23	16.48
	平均Mean	43.13	98.85	78.25	11.08	14.17
单株结铃数 BN	敦煌DH	2.10	12.60	6.81	1.26	18.46
	石河子SHZ	3.40	9.50	5.90	1.26	21.44
	平均Mean	3.58	9.57	6.35	1.23	19.32
单铃重 BW (g)	敦煌DH	3.72	6.99	5.73	0.62	10.75
	石河子SHZ	4.19	6.60	5.37	0.41	7.58
	平均Mean	4.20	6.72	5.55	0.47	8.45
衣分 LP (%)	敦煌DH	29.72	48.49	41.23	2.69	6.52
	石河子SHZ	32.99	50.08	42.60	2.65	6.21
	平均Mean	31.35	48.94	41.91	2.64	6.3
纤维长度 FL (mm)	敦煌DH	24.93	32.70	29.58	1.45	4.90
	石河子SHZ	25.29	33.58	29.67	1.42	4.80
	平均Mean	25.11	33.14	29.62	1.44	4.85
纤维强度 FS (cN·tex^-1)	敦煌DH	22.47	35.39	29.30	2.19	7.46
	石河子SHZ	22.95	35.35	30.05	2.23	7.42
	平均Mean	22.71	34.91	29.67	2.22	7.48
马克隆值 FM	敦煌DH	3.56	5.59	4.55	0.36	7.95
	石河子SHZ	3.44	5.66	4.42	0.35	7.97
	平均Mean	3.5	5.5	4.48	0.35	7.90
整齐度 FU (%)	敦煌DH	79.30	87.35	84.71	1.18	1.40
	石河子SHZ	82.20	87.53	85.07	1.06	1.25
	平均Mean	80.9	86.9	84.88	1.07	1.26
伸长率 FE (%)	敦煌DH	6.37	7.13	6.83	0.13	1.92
	石河子SHZ	6.30	7.23	6.90	0.15	2.17
	平均Mean	6.33	7.18	6.86	0.14	2.00
果枝夹角 FBA (°)	敦煌DH	48.33	60.60	53.04	2.02	3.81
	石河子SHZ	39.16	56.76	51.30	1.61	3.13
	平均Mean	45.29	57.72	52.16	1.81	3.47
果枝长度 FBL (cm)	敦煌DH	3.94	33.70	10.16	3.66	36.02
	石河子SHZ	3.27	14.99	7.64	2.63	34.41
	平均Mean	3.67	19.4	8.9	3.05	34.22

性状 Trait	主成分Principal component
性状 Trait	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
开花时间FT	0.562	-0.506	0.103	-0.411
吐絮率BOR	-0.599	0.544	-0.215	0.173
单株结铃数BN	0.138	0.16	0.468	0.139
单铃重BW	0.423	-0.068	-0.069	-0.489
衣分LP	0.127	0.39	0.492	-0.201
纤维长度FL	0.902	0.064	-0.135	0.207
整齐度FU	0.802	0.274	0.214	0.19
马克隆值FM	-0.365	0.317	0.672	0.026
纤维强度FS	0.799	0.212	-0.319	0.271
伸长率FE	0.797	0.191	0.185	0.174
果枝长度FBL	0.044	-0.647	0.5	0.184
果枝夹角FBA	-0.224	-0.499	0.02	0.649
特征值Eigenvalue	3.805	1.664	1.424	1.137
贡献率Contribution rate (%)	31.71	13.864	11.867	9.476
累积贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%)	31.71	45.574	57.44	66.916
贡献率权重Contribution rate weight	0.474	0.207	0.178	0.142

品种 <BOLD>V</BOLD>ariety	评分 Score	开花时间 FT (d)	吐絮率 BOR (%)	单株铃数 BN	单铃重 BW (g)	衣分 LP (%)	纤维长度 FL (mm)	纤维强度 FS (cN·tex^-1)	果枝长度 FBL (cm)	果枝夹角FBA (°)
中棉113 Zhongmian113	0.67	68b	88.01ab	7.39ab	5.29cd	48.95a	30.34b	30.71cd	8.79ab	55.35a
金垦1565 Jinken1565	0.66	75a	74.45bc	7.07abc	5.33cd	40.00e	31.16ab	33.15ab	9.30a	52.35bc
Y21	0.63	74ab	77.61bc	7.18abc	5.43cd	40.76e	30.91ab	29.64de	6.36de	50.67de
金科20 Jinke20	0.62	76a	53.47d	8.35a	5.86abc	43.40cd	32.16a	31.20bcd	5.68e	51.03de
Z11-46	0.61	78a	64.54cd	6.65bcd	5.38cd	41.54de	31.12ab	31.29bcd	7.04cd	51.53cd
H216	0.61	76a	75.36bc	6.23bcd	6.40a	44.04bc	31.56ab	33.68a	6.04de	48.70f
庄稼汉902 Zhuangjiahan902	0.60	76a	63.97cd	6.70bcd	5.57bcd	43.74bc	30.98ab	31.22bcd	7.68bc	50.48de
Z1112	0.59	77a	68.51c	6.03cde	6.16ab	43.21cd	30.62ab	32.24abc	8.70ab	53.35bc
新陆早40号Xinluzao40	0.59	74ab	86.00ab	5.40e	5.05d	45.43b	30.98ab	33.72a	4.29f	50.27e
新陆早53号Xinluzao53	0.59	76a	92.84a	5.50de	5.60bcd	42.62cd	28.39c	28.38e	8.17abc	51.00de

性状 Trait	育成时期Approved period	开花时间 FT	吐絮率 BOR	单株铃数 BN	单铃重 BW	衣分 LP	纤维长度 FL	纤维强度 FS	马克隆值 FM	整齐度 FU	伸长率 FE	果枝长度 FBL	果枝夹角 FBA
开花时间 FT	早期 Early	1
开花时间 FT	近期Recently	1
吐絮率 BOR	早期Early	-0.68**	1
吐絮率 BOR	近期Recently	-0.59**	1
单株铃数 BN	早期Early	-0.20	-0.04	1
单株铃数 BN	近期Recently	0.06	-0.15	1
单铃重 BW	早期Early	0.27	-0.16	-0.20	1
单铃重 BW	近期Recently	0.25	-0.24	0.12	1
衣分 LP	早期Early	-0.13	0.10	-0.01	0.03	1
衣分 LP	近期Recently	0.15	0.03	0.05	0.09	1
纤维长度 FL	早期Early	0.24	-0.32*	-0.27	0.40**	0.06	1
纤维长度 FL	近期Recently	0.51**	-0.64**	0.20	0.15	0.11	1
纤维强度 FS	早期Early	0.05	-0.06	-0.31*	0.35*	0.11	0.87**	1
纤维强度 FS	近期Recently	0.37**	-0.50**	0.06	0.20	0.11	0.70**	1
马克隆值 FM	早期Early	-0.16	0.17	0.30*	-0.20	0.33*	-0.39**	-0.39**	1
马克隆值 FM	近期Recently	-0.46**	0.31*	-0.05	-0.11	-0.02	-0.57**	-0.53**	1
整齐度 FU	早期Early	0.19	-0.30*	-0.10	-0.29*	0.25	0.73**	0.66**	0.05	1
整齐度 FU	近期Recently	0.55**	-0.36**	-0.03	0.13	0.19	0.49**	0.43**	-0.08	1
伸长率 FE	早期Early	0.24	-0.29*	-0.09	0.33*	0.17	0.61**	0.50**	0.06	0.73**	1
伸长率 FE	近期Recently	0.36**	-0.61**	0.01	0.20	0.06	0.59**	0.56**	-0.11	0.58**	1
果枝长度 FBL	早期Early	0.46**	-0.60**	0.06	-0.12	-0.19	-0.11	-0.32*	0.09	-0.10	0.01	1
果枝长度 FBL	近期Recently	0.01	-0.01	0.01	0.27*	0.18	0.06	0.09	0.02	0.08	-0.03	1
果枝夹角 FBL	早期Early	0.05	-0.13	-0.08	-0.04	-0.25	-0.14	-0.15	-0.310*	-0.39**	-0.30*	0.34*	1
果枝夹角 FBL	近期Recently	-0.27	0.19	-0.21	-0.33**	-0.10	-0.18	-0.08	0.282*	-0.18	-0.02	0.27*	1

Comprehensive Evaluation and Breeding Evolution of Early Maturing Upland Cotton Varieties in the Northwest Inland of China

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