高低氮处理下小麦旗叶性状的遗传分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.01.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Flag leaf is an important place for wheat photosynthetic carbon fixation, which plays an important role in wheat yield. The genetic characteristics and the genetic mechanism were analyzed under high and low nitrogen for flag leaf traits of wheat, which will provide a reference for excellent plant-type breeding and high-yield breeding. 【Method】 188 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from a cross between Kenong9204 and Jing411 was used in this study, which were planted in low nitrogen (LN) and high nitrogen (HN), respectively. The flag leaf traits of 188 RILs were investigated in 6 different environments, then the genetic analysis was conducted to determine the number of genes controlling each trait, and to estimate the genetic effect value and the heritability. In addition, the relationship between flag leaf characters and yield related traits of wheat was also studied.【Result】 Under LN environment: The optimal genetic model of flag leaf length was 2MG-CE (two pairs of interaction major genes) in E3. The additive × additive epistatic interaction value was 1.098, and the heritability of major genes was 31.35%. The flag leaf length was polygenic in another LN environment. The width of flag leaf was polygenic in all the LN environment. The optimal genetic model for flag leaf area (except E5) was 2MG-CE. The additive × additive epistatic interaction value was 1.884 and the heritability of major genes was 36.7%, while it was polygenic inheritance in E5. Under HN environment: The optimal genetic model for flag leaf length (except E4) was 2MG-CE, the additive × additive epistatic interaction value was 1.133, and the heritability of major genes was 32.6%. The optimal genetic model was 2MG-ER (two pairs of recessive epistatic major genes) in E4, which the additive effect value was 1.431 and 1.108 for the first and the second major genes respectively, and the heritability of the major gene was 51.77%. The optimal genetic model for flag leaf width (except E2) was 2MG-CE, the additive × additive epistatic interaction value was 0.119, and the heritability of major genes was 37.29%, while it showed polygenic inheritance in E2. The optimal genetic model for flag leaf area was 2MG-CE, which the additive × additive epistatic interaction value was 3.067 and the heritability of the main gene was 44.42%. The genetic models of flag leaf traits were different in different environments, which the genetic model was more stable under HN than that in LN. The correlation analysis of flag leaf and yield traits showed that flag leaf traits were significantly positively correlated with grain number per spike, grain weight per spike and yield per plant, and the influence degree was different in the 6 environments. 【Conclusion】 Flag leaf traits are easily affected by environment, and the performance of flag leaf traits is different in HN and LN. Flag leaf traits exhibited different major gene inheritance and polygene inheritance in LN, while they showed major gene inheritance which controlled by two pairs of interactions genes in most of HN environment, which might be major QTLs. Yield per plant and grain weight per spike could be increased by improving flag leaf traits.

Key words: wheat, flag leaf traits, genetic model, production, correlation analysis

WU YaRui,LIU XiJian,YANG GuoMin,LIU HongWei,KONG WenChao,WU YongZhen,SUN Han,QIN Ran,CUI Fa,ZHAO ChunHua. Genetic Analysis of Flag Leaf Traits in Wheat Under High and Low Nitrogen[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(1): 1-11.

Figures/Tables 6

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References 42

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[14]	LU Hao, ZHANG MingLong, HAN Mei, YAN QingBiao, LI ZhengPeng, YIN Wen, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, CHAI Qiang. Green Manure Returning via Sheep Digest with Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction are Beneficial to Improve Wheat Yield and Soil Quality at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(1): 147-160.
[15]	YE MeiJin, CHEN JiaTing, ZHOU JieGuang, YIN Li, HU XinRong, LAN YuXin, CHEN Bin, SU LongXing, LIU JiaJun, LIU TianChao, LI XiaoYu, MA Jian. Identification, Validation and Genetic Effect Analysis of Major QTL for Spike Density in Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(1): 17-28.

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性状 Trait	变异源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	显著性 Significance	效应量 Effect quantity
旗叶长 FLL	品种Breed	1	0.421	0.091	0.763	0.001
	环境Environment	5	220.711	47.859	0.000	0.660
	品种×环境 Breed×Environment	5	4.134	0.896	0.486	0.035
	误差Error	123	4.612
旗叶宽FLW	品种Breed	1	0.939	46.235	0.000	0.273
	环境Environment	5	0.472	23.247	0.000	0.486
	品种×环境 Breed×Environment	5	0.035	1.741	0.130	0.066
	误差Error	123	0.020
旗叶面积FLA	品种Breed	1	120.240	8.819	0.004	0.067
	环境Environment	5	674.892	49.497	0.000	0.668
	品种×环境 Breed×Environment	5	20.239	1.484	0.200	0.057
	误差Error	123	13.635

性状 Trait	生境 Environment		亲本Parent		RIL群体RIL population
性状 Trait	生境 Environment		科农9204 Kenong 9204	京411 Jing 411	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Average	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	偏度 Skew	峰度 Kurt
旗叶长FLL	低氮LN	E1	10.05	11.05	6.00	17.40	13.30	1.50	0.11	0.24	0.04
		E3	14.42	14.83	9.92	20.14	14.67	1.69	0.12	0.26	0.13
		E5	14.78	15.56	12.08	20.82	15.43	1.37	0.09	0.30	0.71
		均值Average	13.08	13.81	9.33	19.45	14.47	1.52	0.11	0.27	0.29
	高氮HN	E2	16.46	15.20	11.80	22.50	16.03	1.72	0.11	0.42	0.20
		E4	19.22	19.61	13.48	25.62	19.66	2.27	0.12	0.20	-0.32
		E6	19.11	18.79	13.60	25.74	19.04	1.75	0.09	0.22	0.27
		均值Average	18.26	17.87	12.96	24.62	18.24	1.91	0.11	0.28	0.05
旗叶宽FLW	低氮LN	E1	1.48	1.25	0.78	1.66	1.20	0.14	0.11	0.27	0.60
		E3	1.43	1.36	1.06	1.74	1.35	0.13	0.09	0.17	-0.24
		E5	1.55	1.42	1.16	1.80	1.43	0.13	0.09	0.35	-0.27
		均值Average	1.49	1.34	1.00	1.73	1.33	0.13	0.10	0.26	0.03
	高氮HN	E2	1.44	1.13	0.82	1.76	1.31	0.15	0.11	0.15	0.38
		E4	1.79	1.56	1.18	2.30	1.59	0.17	0.11	0.43	0.30
		E6	1.68	1.57	1.22	2.10	1.58	0.17	0.10	0.42	0.10
		均值Average	1.64	1.42	1.07	2.05	1.49	0.16	0.11	0.33	0.26
旗叶面积FLA	低氮LN	E1	12.14	11.97	6.10	20.67	13.27	2.39	0.18	0.39	0.37
		E3	17.17	16.74	9.72	28.28	16.48	2.99	0.18	0.41	0.15
		E5	18.99	18.30	11.95	28.69	18.36	2.43	0.13	0.42	0.31
		均值Average	16.10	15.67	9.26	25.88	16.04	2.60	0.16	0.41	0.28
	高氮HN	E2	19.82	14.63	9.74	28.84	17.57	3.14	0.18	0.41	0.06
		E4	28.64	25.38	15.44	42.92	26.09	4.83	0.19	0.50	0.24
		E6	26.66	25.53	16.45	37.57	25.07	3.91	0.16	0.51	0.08
		均值Average	25.04	21.85	13.88	36.44	22.91	3.96	0.18	0.47	0.13

性状 Trait	环境 Environment		模型代码 Model code	最适遗传模型代号 Optimal genetic model code	最大似然值Log Max likelihood value	最小AIC值 Min AIC value
旗叶长 FLL	低氮LN	E1	—	0MG	-705.64	1415.28
		E3	B-1-7	2MG-CE	-729.05	1464.11
		E5	—	0MG	-652.32	1308.63
	高氮HN	E2	B-1-7	2MG-CE	-732.15	1470.30
		E4	B-1-5	2MG-ER	-838.02	1684.05
		E6	B-1-7	2MG-CE	-743.82	1493.63
旗叶宽FLW	低氮LN	E1	—	0MG	126.13	-248.25
		E3	—	0MG	240.62	-477.24
		E5	—	0MG	81.13	-158.27
	高氮HN	E2	—	0MG	43.46	-82.91
		E4	B-1-7	2MG-CE	137.97	-269.93
		E6	B-1-7	2MG-CE	145.32	-284.64
旗叶面积FLA	低氮LN	E1	B-1-7	2MG-CE	-854.10	1714.21
		E3	B-1-7	2MG-CE	-942.37	1890.73
		E5	—	0MG	-963.52	1931.05
	高氮HN	E2	B-1-7	2MG-CE	-954.50	1915.00
		E4	B-1-7	2MG-CE	-1119.11	2244.22
		E6	B-1-7	2MG-CE	-1037.79	2081.58

性状 Trait	环境 Environment		模型代码 Optimal genetic mode	一阶遗传参数1st order parameter estimate				二阶遗传参数2nd order parameter estimate
性状 Trait	环境 Environment		模型代码 Optimal genetic mode	m	d(d_a)	d_b	i_ab(i*)	σ²_p	σ²_mg	σ²_e	h²_mg(%)
旗叶长FLL	低氮LN	E1	0MG	—	—	—	—	2.505	—	2.505	—
		E3	2MG-CE	15.233	—	—	1.098	2.868	0.899	1.969	31.353
		E5	0MG	—	—	—	—	1.886	—	1.886	—
	高氮HN	E2	2MG-CE	16.692	—	—	1.302	2.970	1.260	1.711	42.410
		E4	2MG-ER	19.652	1.431	1.108	—	5.180	2.682	2.499	51.766
		E6	2MG-CE	19.522	—	—	0.963	3.081	0.702	2.379	22.790
旗叶宽FLW	低氮LN	E1	0MG	—	—	—	—	0.030	—	0.030	—
		E3	0MG	—	—	—	—	0.016	—	0.016	—
		E5	0MG	—	—	—	—	0.038	—	0.038	—
	高氮HN	E2	0MG	—	—	—	—	0.047	—	0.047	—
		E4	2MG-CE	1.654	—	—	0.122	0.029	0.011	0.018	38.575
		E6	2MG-CE	1.643	—	—	0.116	0.028	0.010	0.018	35.993
旗叶面积FLA	低氮LN	E1	2MG-CE	14.168	—	—	1.726	5.718	2.193	3.525	38.347
		E3	2MG-CE	17.504	—	—	2.042	8.978	3.140	5.839	34.970
		E5	0MG	—	—	—	—	9.873	—	9.874	—
	高氮HN	E2	2MG-CE	18.803	—	—	2.390	9.858	4.216	5.641	42.770
		E4	2MG-CE	27.948	—	—	3.716	23.389	10.417	12.972	44.538
		E6	2MG-CE	26.677	—	—	3.095	15.335	7.048	8.288	45.956

性状 Trait	环境 Environment	有效穗数 Effective panicles	穗粒数 Spike grain number	穗粒重 Spike grain weight	单株产量 Yield	千粒重 Thousand grain weight
旗叶长 FLL	E1	0.032	0.237**	0.168**	0.178**	-0.060
	E2	0.060	0.166**	0.140**	0.081	—
	E3	0.067	0.358**	0.372**	0.171**	0.101
	E4	0.212**	0.235**	0.130*	0.208**	-0.016
	E5	0.144**	0.055	0.193**	0.230**	0.115*
	E6	-0.002	0.078	0.126*	0.093	0.081
旗叶宽 FLW	E1	-0.014	0.101	0.105*	0.086	0.043
	E2	0.120*	0.102	0.043	0.059	—
	E3	0.088	0.243**	0.313**	0.215**	0.064
	E4	0.133*	0.332**	0.302**	0.181**	0.008
	E5	-0.041	0.186**	0.208**	0.045	-0.022
	E6	-0.236**	0.416**	0.189**	-0.084	-0.143**
旗叶面积 FLA	E1	0.046	0.288**	0.236**	0.221**	-0.054
	E2	0.100	0.190**	0.105*	0.106*	—
	E3	0.088	0.352**	0.397**	0.221**	0.092
	E4	0.199**	0.345**	0.258**	0.227**	-0.005
	E5	0.046	0.177**	0.266**	0.155**	0.044
	E6	-0.160**	0.325**	0.200**	-0.001	-0.045

Genetic Analysis of Flag Leaf Traits in Wheat Under High and Low Nitrogen

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