沿江双季稻北缘区机插早稻的超高产群体特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.018

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to identify the differences of yields among various high-yield varieties of double-cropping rice with machine-transplanted under the early season and the common characteristics of super-high yield varieties in the Northern Margin Area of Yangtze River. 【Method】In this study, nine pre-screening high yield varieties were compared for their yield formation, including dry matter accumulation (DMA), leaf area index (LAI) and the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), in field experiments in the early season of 2018 and 2019 in Lujiang county, Anhui province, China.【Result】The rice grain yields varied across the different high-yield varieties. Through cluster analysis, it could be further divided into three yield types: super-high yield (9.1-9.5 t·hm ^-2), higher yield (8.1-8.6 t·hm ^-2) and high yield (7.6-7.8 t·hm ^-2). Compared with higher yield and high yield varieties, the super-high yield varieties showed more spikelets per panicle, total spikelets and 1000-grain weight. The average daily yield of super-high yield was 82.4 kg·hm ^-2·d ^-1, 10.2% and 19.8% higher than that of higher yield and high yield, respectively. DMA was the main reason for the differences in yield among various varieties. The DMA of super-high yield varieties was 18.3%-21.4% higher than that of higher yield and high yield varieties from panicle initiation stage to maturity stage. Super-high yield varieties showed higher IPAR and the photosynthetically active radiation use efficiency (PUE) was related to the higher LAI and sink. IPAR in panicle initiation and heading stage was significantly positively correlated with the spikelets per panicle and 1000-grain weight, respectively. However, the super-high yield varieties showed higher response to the IPAR. The grain weight/leaf of super-high yield varieties was 4.1%-11.3% higher than higher yield and high yield varieties, which was related to the higher PUE from panicle initiation stage to maturity stage. 【Conclusion】 The common characteristics of super-high yield early rice varieties (>9.0 t·hm ^-2) were higher LAI (panicle initiation stage 5.6-6.0, heading stage 7.1-7.3), higher spikelet numbers per panicle (124-132), higher 1000-grain weight (25.8-27.0 g) and higher average daily yield (80.8-83.7 kg·hm ^-2·d ^-1) under machine-transplanted in the Northern Margin Area of Yangtze River.

Key words: northern margin of double-cropping rice, machine-transplanted, early rice, super high yield, light interception

ZHU TieZhong,KE Jian,YAO Bo,CHEN TingTing,HE HaiBing,YOU CuiCui,ZHU DeQuan,WU LiQuan. Super-High Yield Characteristics of Mechanically Transplanting Double- Cropping Early Rice in the Northern Margin Area of Yangtze River[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1553-1564.

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变异来源 Source	实际产量 Actual yield	日产量 Daily yield	收获指数 Harvest index	成熟期干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation at maturity stage	抽穗期叶面积指数 Leaf area index at heading stage
年份 Year (Y)	22.03**	11.8**	1.2ns	0.1ns	0.2ns
品种 Variety (V)	37.73**	106.6**	1.1ns	22.7**	33.2**
年份 × 品种 Y×V	1.02ns	1.4ns	1.0ns	1.2ns	1.3ns

产量类型 Yield type	品种 Variety	实际产量 Actual yield (t·hm^-2)	有效穗数 Panicles (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10⁶ hm^-2)	结实率 Grain filling rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
超高产 Super high yield	ZLY2013	9.5	369.7	132.9	486.5	73.2	26.9
	LLY35	9.3	357.7	129.5	456.5	76.8	26.9
	ZF203	9.2	366.0	128.4	463.9	79.5	25.5
	ZLY829	9.1	375.0	122.8	453.5	77.5	26.6
	平均 Mean	9.3±0.18a	367.1±6.8b	128.4±3.9a	465.1±13.8a	76.8±2.41a	26.4±0.61a
更高产 Higher yield	HYZ1	8.6	359.7	119.3	423.0	79.6	25.1
	LLY942	8.3	388.3	110.7	425.6	78.1	25.0
	ZJZ17	8.1	373.5	114.1	421.0	76.3	25.8
	平均 Mean	8.3±0.23b	375.6±13.8ab	113.7±5.0b	422.0±6.7b	77.7±1.69a	25.3±0.37b
高产 High yield	XZX24	7.8	389.0	104.7	409.7	76.0	25.2
	ZZ35	7.6	375.5	106.1	389.1	78.0	25.5
	平均 Mean	7.7±0.22c	380.5±8.3a	105.6±1.1c	397.0±11.9c	77.3±0.99a	25.4±0.73b

产量类型 Yield type	品种 Variety	移栽—穗分化期 TP-PI (d)	穗分化期—抽穗期 PI-HD (d)	抽穗—成熟期 HD-MA (d)	移栽—成熟期 TP-MA (d)	日产量 Daily yield (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)
超高产 Super high yield	ZLY2013	32	26	25	83	83.7
	LLY35	32	27	23	82	82.8
	ZF203	33	27	22	81	82.2
	ZLY829	33	27	23	83	80.8
	平均 Mean	33±0.5a	27±2.6a	23±2.5a	82±0.9a	82.4±1.3a
更高产 Higher yield	HYZ1	33	25	23	81	76.9
	LLY942	32	27	23	82	74.3
	ZJZ17	31	26	23	83	73.0
	平均 Mean	32±0.9a	26±1.3a	23±2.1a	82±0.9a	74.7±1.9b
高产 High yield	XZX24	32	27	22	81	69.9
	ZZ35	32	28	23	83	67.7
	平均 Mean	32±0.3a	27±2.0a	23±2.2a	82±1.1a	68.8±2.1c

产量类型 Yield type	品种 Variety	干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation (t·hm^-2)				群体生长速率 Crop growth rate (g·m^-2·d^-1)				收获指数 Harvest index (%)
产量类型 Yield type	品种 Variety	移栽— 穗分化期 TP-PI	穗分化— 抽穗期 PI-HD	抽穗— 成熟期 HD-MA	移栽— 成熟期 TP-MA	移栽— 穗分化期 TP-PI	穗分化— 抽穗期 PI-HD	抽穗— 成熟期 HD-MA	移栽— 成熟期 TP-MA	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
超高产 Super high yield	ZLY2013	3.1	6.6	7.0	16.7	9.5	25.3	27.9	20.1	47.4
	LLY35	2.7	5.7	7.9	16.30	8.5	21.1	34.3	20.2	45.8
	ZF203	3.5	5.5	7.9	16.8	10.9	20.2	35.8	20.8	46.9
	ZLY829	2.4	6.5	7.4	16.4	7.4	24.1	32.2	20.0	47.6
	平均 Mean	3.0±0.42b	6.1±0.53a	7.5±0.43a	16.6±0.28a	9.1±1.4b	22.7±2.2a	32.6±3.2a	20.2±0.4a	46.9±1.7a
更高产 Higher yield	HYZ1	3.5	6.2	5.0	14.7	10.5	24.8	21.8	18.1	47.2
	LLY942	3.7	6.2	5.5	15.4	11.8	22.9	24.1	19.0	46.3
	ZJZ17	3.4	6.4	5.3	15.1	10.9	24.5	23.0	18.8	47.2
	平均 Mean	3.5±0.20a	6.2±0.37a	5.3±0.32c	14.9±0.43b	11.1±0.7a	24.1±1.1a	22.9±1.2c	18.6±0.5b	46.9±2.1a
高产 High yield	XZX24	3.1	5.3	5.8	14.2	9.7	19.5	26.5	17.5	45.6
	ZZ35	3.6	5.3	5.9	14.8	11.2	18.8	25.7	18.0	47.5
	平均 Mean	3.4±0.27a	5.3±0.14b	5.9±0.32b	14.5±0.54c	10.4±0.9a	19.1±0.6b	26.1±1.3b	17.7±0.5c	46.5±1.8a

产量类型 Yield type	品种 Variety	颖花/叶 Spikelets/leaf (cm^-2)	实粒/叶 Filled grains/leaf (cm^-2)	总粒重/叶 Grain weight/leaf (mg·cm^-2)
超高产 Super high yield	ZLY2013	0.69	0.51	18.52
	LLY35	0.66	0.51	17.80
	ZF203	0.71	0.54	17.81
	ZLY829	0.68	0.50	18.10
	平均 Mean	0.69±0.02a	0.52±0.02a	18.06±0.40a
更高产 Higher yield	HYZ1	0.68	0.54	17.16
	LLY942	0.69	0.54	17.35
	ZJZ17	0.68	0.52	17.53
	平均 Mean	0.68±0.02a	0.53±0.02a	17.35±0.58b
高产 High yield	XZX24	0.67	0.48	16.85
	ZZ35	0.61	0.48	15.58
	平均 Mean	0.64±0.04b	0.48±0.02b	16.22±0.86c

Super-High Yield Characteristics of Mechanically Transplanting Double- Cropping Early Rice in the Northern Margin Area of Yangtze River

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