粉垄对甘蔗根系结构发育及呼吸代谢相关酶活性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】By exploring the root cellular physiological mechanism on sugarcane yield and sugar content under the new farming method of Fenlong, this paper provided a theoretical basis for the promotion of Fenlong cultivation technology.【Method】Guitang 42 was used as the tested sugarcane variety, the conventional rotary tillage (CK, the depth of ploughing was 25 cm) and Fenlong cultivation (the depth of ploughing was 40 cm) were carried out to investigate the soil available nutrient, agronomic characters, yield and sugar content, root vitality, cellular ultrastructure and the enzyme of respiratory metabolic of sugarcane root.【Result】(1) The alkaline N and available P of new plant of Fenlong cultivation were 8.7% and 17.9% significantly higher than those under CK, respectively, and the alkaline N and available P of ratoon cane were 10.4% and 25.6% significantly higher than those under CK, respectively. (2) The emergence rate and tillering rate of Fenlong were increased by 25.0% and 17.4%, respectively, and regenerated sugarcane increased by 30.6% and 11.7%, respectively. Compared with conventional cultivation, the plant height, stem diameter, single stem weight, effective stem and yield of new planting sugarcane under Fenlonng cultivation increased by 13.2%, 17.6%, 29.0%, 5.3% and 12.9%, respectively, and regenerated sugarcane with Fenlonng cultivation increased by 7.6%, 22.2%, 70.3%, 18.7% and 12.9%, respectively. (3) The length, diameter, volume, root tip number, surface area, fresh weight and dry weight of root under Fenlong cultivation were 20.9%-42.3%, 12.3%-71.0%, 33.3%-71.0%, 6.4%-61.6%, 21.8%-64.1%, 26.8%-64.4% and 32.6%-95.3% significantly greater under CK, respectively. (4) Under Fenlong cultivation conditions, root hair area and cells were longer, the root hair arrangement was looser and more orderly, the root tip cell wall was thickened, the cytoplasm, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body were more abundant, the number of mitochondria was more and the crest was clear, and the nuclear structure was more compact than those under CK. The root hair length, root hair density, total root hair length per unit area and the number of mitochondria in cells were 53.3%, 73.0%, 111.1% and 37.5% higher than those under CK, respectively. The Fenlong tillage ratoon sugarcane above indicators also increased by 38.9%, 95.9%, 82.6% and 53.8%, respectively, and the same index was significantly different among different cultivation methods. (5) The root activity of sugarcane with Fenlong cultivation in seedling stage, elongation stage and maturity stage with Fenlong cultivation were 1.29 times, 1.39 times and 1.25 times significantly higher than CK, respectively. (6) The activity of malate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and polyphenol oxidase of sugarcane with Fenlong cultivation increased significantly at seedling stage and elongation stage. In the seedling stage, the activities of MDH? PPO and CytcA510 in newly planted sugarcane were 22.9%, 28.1% and 38.9% significantly higher than those under CK, and the indexes of ratoon cane were 23.0%, 20.3% and 27.7% significantly higher than those under CK, respectively. At the elongation stage, the activities of malate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and polyphenol oxidase of sugarcane with Fenlong cultivation were 21.2%, 41.8% and 33.7% significantly higher than those under CK, respectively; THE indexes of regenerated sugarcane were 27.4%, 26.8% and 53.3% higher than those of under CK, respectively; THE activities of MDH and PPO were significantly higher than those under CK.【Conclusion】 Fenlong cultivation of sugarcane could improve the soil available nutrient, improve the morphology and tissue cell structure of sugarcane roots, improve the activity of enzymes related to respiratory metabolism, thereby promoting the absorption of water and fertilizer by roots, facilitating growth and development on the ground, and increasing sugarcane yield and sugar content.

Key words: Fenlong, sugarcane, root, cell structure, physiology

LI Hao,WEI BenHui,HUANG JinLing,LI ZhiGang,WANG LingQiang,LIANG XiaoYing,LI SuLi. Effects of Fenlong Cultivation on Root Cell Structure and Enzyme of Respiratory Metabolic of Sugarcane[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(3): 522-532.

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种植方式 Planting method	处理 Treatment	碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
新植蔗 New planting sugarcane	CK	291.67±5.83b	11.11±0.26b	714.03±14.28a
新植蔗 New planting sugarcane	粉垄 Fenlong	317.00±61.36a	13.10±1.10a	715.80±28.21a
宿根蔗 Stubble cane	CK	352.00±4.90b	10.84±0.24b	588.51±11.77a
宿根蔗 Stubble cane	粉垄 Fenlong	388.67±12.21a	13.61±0.90a	568.65±82.31a

种植方式 Planting method	处理 Treatment	出苗率 Seedling rate (%)	分蘖率 Tillering rate (%)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎径 Stem diameter (cm)	单茎重 Single stem weight (kg/plant)	有效茎 Effective stems (plant/hm²)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	甘蔗糖分 Sugar content (%)
新植蔗 New planting sugarcane	CK	32.0±1.03b	51.20±1.25b	295.0±2.57b	2.56±0.03b	1.83±0.06a	61477±91b	109814±2252b	13.86±0.33b
新植蔗 New planting sugarcane	粉垄Fenlong	40.0±0.89a	60.10±2.01a	334.0±2.31a	3.01±0.08a	2.36±0.08b	64719±102a	130555±3539a	15.50±0.45a
宿根蔗 Stubble cane	CK	17.3±2.20b	56.40±9.50a	251.9±2.80b	2.39±0.90b	1.28±0.06b	41520±75b	82589±1360b	15.20±0.60a
宿根蔗 Stubble cane	粉垄Fenlong	22.6±2.30a	63.00±7.90a	271.2±5.60a	2.92±0.50a	2.18±0.04a	49274±98a	93257±1718a	15.80±0.10a

种植方式 Planting method	生长期 Growth period	处理 Treatment	根长 Root length (cm)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm²)	根直径 Root diameter (mm)	根体积 Root volume (cm³/plant)	根尖数 Total root (No./plant)	根鲜重 Root fresh weight (g/plant)	根干重 Root dry matter (g/plant)
新植蔗 New planting sugarcane	苗期 Seeding stage	CK	13.64±1.21b	139.87±12.21b	0.70±0.021b	12.17±0.41b	3730.78±52.21b	10.94±0.22b	2.38±0.26b
	苗期 Seeding stage	粉垄Fenlong	18.20±1.41a	170.29±9.21a	0.93±0.041a	16.22±0.33a	6030.23±32.01a	16.69±0.71a	3.80±0.31a
	伸长期 Elongation stage	CK	22.73±2.21b	263.90±2.21b	1.33±0.02b	22.95±0.53b	7039.20±56.02b	20.65±0.12b	4.49±0.02b
	伸长期 Elongation stage	粉垄Fenlong	32.34±1.31a	321.30±12.11a	1.75±0.03a	30.60±1.21a	11377.80±39.02a	33.94±0.32a	6.28±0.03a
	成熟期 Mature stage	CK	30.73±2.21b	377.02±25.00b	1.90±0.02b	32.79±3.50b	10056.00±102.00b	29.50±1.50b	6.42±0.31b
	成熟期 Mature stage	粉垄Fenlong	40.34±1.23a	459.13±21.00a	2.50±0.03a	43.72±2.41a	16254.00±145.00a	44.21±1.10a	12.54±0.41a
宿根蔗 Stubble cane	苗期 Seeding stage	CK	20.64±1.21b	517.43±84.00a	0.65±0.10a	27.99±5.46b	1085.24±5.46b	13.94±0.32b	3.38±0.36b
	苗期 Seeding stage	粉垄Fenlong	28.20±1.41a	685.73±63.00a	0.73±0.05a	41.48±5.45a	1285.87±5.45a	18.69±0.81a	4.80±0.39a
	伸长期 Elongation stage	CK	36.73±2.21b	738.17±105.78b	0.93±0.11b	38.47±5.47b	1527.08±37.57b	25.65±0.32b	5.49±0.22b
	伸长期 Elongation stage	粉垄Fenlong	48.34±1.31a	1211.47±169.42a	1.59±0.18a	65.79±9.02a	2182.17±30.92a	38.94±0.52a	7.28±0.23a
	成熟期 Mature stage	CK	50.73±2.21b	1454.72±206.73b	1.63±0.21b	58.16±14.05b	2555.17±68.77b	32.50±0.50b	8.42±0.41b
	成熟期 Mature stage	粉垄Fenlong	61.34±1.23a	1788.26±129.18a	1.91±0.17a	80.35±7.09a	2719.78±66.23a	41.21±0.56a	12.54±0.61a

种植方式 Planting method	处理 Treatment	根毛平均长度 Average lenghth of root hair (mm)	根毛密度 Root hair density (ind/mm²)	单位面积根毛总长度 Total length of root per area (mm)	线粒体数目 Mitochondria number (No./cell)
新植蔗 New planting sugarcane	CK	0.15±0.01b	110.36±2.23b	18±0.15b	16±0.52b
新植蔗 New planting sugarcane	粉垄Fenlong	0.23±0.02a	190.94±0.94a	38±0.12a	22±0.32a
宿根蔗 Stubble cane	CK	0.18±0.02b	92.36±2.23a	23±0.15b	13±0.42b
宿根蔗 Stubble cane	粉垄Fenlong	0.25±0.01a	180.94±0.94a	42±0.12a	20±0.42a

Effects of Fenlong Cultivation on Root Cell Structure and Enzyme of Respiratory Metabolic of Sugarcane

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