化学防控玉米蛀穗害虫对减轻拟轮枝镰孢穗腐病及伏马毒素的作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.17.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Background】 Fusarium verticillioides is responsible for ear rot occurrence and quality degradation in maize. It gives rise to the production of fumonisin and poses a threat on food security. Ear borers inculding Ostrinia furnacalis and Conogethes punctiferalis can cause severe yield loss and lead to an increase in ear rot occurrence. 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of two insecticides (emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole) combined with three fungicides (phenamacril, tebuconazole and difenoconazole) in promoting yield, reducing ear rot severity and fumonisin kernel contamination under natural conditions, clarify the effect of artificial inoculation of F. verticillioides on insecticide efficacy, define an effective schedule for the control of maize pests and provide a theoretical basis for the pesticide field application. 【Method】 Hybrid Zhengdan 958 typically cultivated in China was selected in this study. Field experiments were conducted in Langfang, Hebei Province. Pesticide treatments were conducted 5 d and 20 d after silking, and artificial inoculation of F. verticillioides was conducted 7 d after silking. Insect damage, ear rot occurrence, ear length, kernels per row, 100-grain weight and ear weight were investigated and recorded at harvest phenological stage. Fumonisins B1 and B2 level in kernels was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. 【Result】 Compared with controls, emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole application could significantly reduce borer damage, ear rot occurrence and fumonisins level. While insecticides have been shown to give advantages in their application, adding a fungicide didn’t lead to a significant lower insect damage, ear rot occurrence or fumonisins level. Additional fungicide didn’t lead a significant higher control effect or yield. After inoculating F. verticillioides, chlorantraniliprole application led to a significant decrease in fumonisins level, ear rot incidence and severity. Control effect of 25 g·hm ^-2 chlorantraniliprole and its combinations on insect damage was 82.1%-92.7% and 94.2%-95.0% in spring and summer maize, respectively. Control effect of 30 g·hm^-2 emamectin benzoate was significantly lower, at the level of 57.8%-78.0% in spring maize and 83.1%-89.9% in summer maize. Control effect on ear rot occurrence was >60% in spring maize and >88% in summer maize. No significant difference was found among pesticide treatments. Regarding yield, insecticide application had no significant effect on ear length or kernels per row, while significantly promoted ear weight compared with controls. No significant difference was found among insecticide treatments and mixture treatments. Artificial inoculation of F. verticillioides had no significant impact on yield after insecticide application. The yield of spring and summer maize increased by 5.49%-13.49% and 9.20%-13.95% after applying insecticides or mixture of insecticides with fungicides, respectively. Kernel fumonisins level was lower than 500 μg·kg ^-1 after insecticide or mixture of insecticides with fungicides application, while the level in controls was 2 817 μg·kg ^-1. Kernel fumonisins level after inoculating F. verticillioides reached up to 8 710 μg·kg^-1, while the number could be reduced to 1 500 μg·kg ^-1 after insecticide application. 【Conclusion】 These results indicated that 25 g·hm^-2 chlorantraniliprole and 30 g·hm^-2 emamectin benzoate application can reduce ear rot occurrence and fumonisin level, improve maize yield and quality by controlling insect damage. No significant difference was found in insecticide treatments and mixture of insecticide with fungicide treatments. Insect infestation plays a decisive role in the F. verticillioides infection. Taking all aspects into consideration, 25 g·hm ^-2 chlorantraniliprole is relative ideal in maize pest control.

Key words: chemical control, pest, Fusarium verticillioides, maize ear rot, yield, fumonisin

LI QinCheng,SHI Jie,HE KangLai,WANG ZhenYing. Effects of Chemical Control of Ear Borers on Reducing Fusarium verticillioides Ear Rot and Fumonisin Level[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(17): 3702-3711.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Table 2

Effects of insecticide and fungicide combination on the occurrence and control of borer damage and F. verticillioides ear rot"

种植季节 Sowing season	药剂处理 Formulation	蛀穗率 Insect damage incidence (%)	平均虫害级别 Average insect damage severity	病情指数 Disease index	发病率 Ear rot incidence (%)	伏马毒素B1+B2含量 Fumonisin B1 + B2 content (μg·kg^-1)	虫害防治效果 Insect damage control effect (%)	病害防治效果 Ear rot control effect (%)
春玉米 Spring maize	氯虫苯甲酰胺 Chlorantraniliprole	4.2e	0.042d	0.3b	2.9bc	101b	92.7a	75.3a
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+戊唑醇 Chlorantraniliprole + Tebuconazole	14.4cd	0.160cd	0.5b	1.7bc	457b	82.1bc	84.2a
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+苯醚甲环唑 Chlorantraniliprole + Difenoconazole	9.7de	0.097d	0.8b	6.3b	208b	90.8ab	64.8a
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+氰烯菌酯 Chlorantraniliprole + Phenamacril	11.1de	0.121d	0.2b	2.2bc	187b	86.5ab	83.0a
	甲维盐 Emamectin benzoate	26.8bc	0.307bc	0.3b	2.9bc	293b	63.6cd	60.1a
	甲维盐+戊唑醇 Emamectin benzoate + Tebuconazole	28.2bc	0.310bc	0.5b	3.7bc	277b	62.4cd	60.4a
	甲维盐+苯醚甲环唑 Emamectin benzoate + Difenoconazole	33.6b	0.388b	0.6b	5.3bc	330b	57.8d	63.4a
	甲维盐+氰烯菌酯 Emamectin benzoate + Phenamacril	15.2d	0.165cd	0.2b	0.5c	127b	78.0ab	83.4a
	CK	71.7a	0.902a	2.7a	17.2a	2817a	-	-
夏玉米 Summer maize	氯虫苯甲酰胺 Chlorantraniliprole	4.3b	0.048bc	0b	0b	85b	94.7a	100.0a
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+戊唑醇 Chlorantraniliprole + Tebuconazole	4.9b	0.045c	0b	0b	85b	95.0a	100.0a
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+苯醚甲环唑 Chlorantraniliprole + Difenoconazole	3.3b	0.048bc	0b	0b	39b	94.6a	100.0a
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+氰烯菌酯 Chlorantraniliprole + Phenamacril	3.0b	0.053bc	0.4b	1.6b	30b	94.2a	89.6a
	甲维盐 Emamectin benzoate	8.0b	0.092bc	0.2b	1.5b	89b	89.9a	96.0a
	甲维盐+戊唑醇 Emamectin benzoate + Tebuconazole	12.7b	0.132bc	0.5b	2.7b	24b	85.5a	88.2a
	甲维盐+苯醚甲环唑 Emamectin benzoate + Difenoconazole	10.1b	0.132bc	0.2b	1.0b	73b	85.4a	95.0a
	甲维盐+氰烯菌酯 Emamectin benzoate + Phenamacril	15.9b	0.153b	0.1b	0.5b	55b	83.1a	98.6a
	CK	80.8a	0.900a	4.2a	21.9a	1670a	-	-

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Effects of agrochemical treatments on maize yield"

种植季节 Sowing season	药剂处理 Formulation	穗长 Ear length (cm)	行粒数 Kernels per row	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	籽粒损失率 Percent of unconsumable kernels (%)	单穗重 Ear weight (g)	单穗增产率 Percent of yield growth (%)
春玉米 Spring maize	氯虫苯甲酰胺 Chlorantraniliprole	19.67±0.69a	39.31±0.28a	35.59±0.64a	0.33b	213.52±9.22ab	9.38
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+戊唑醇 Chlorantraniliprole + Tebuconazole	19.57±0.63a	39.12±0.10a	35.71±0.97a	0.11b	216.04±5.92ab	10.67
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+苯醚甲环唑 Chlorantraniliprole + Difenoconazole	19.48±0.59a	38.55±0.28a	35.68±0.69a	0.22b	221.53±4.61a	13.49
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+氰烯菌酯 Chlorantraniliprole + Phenamacril	19.34±0.55a	39.2±0.19a	35.73±0.79a	0.06b	210.54±7.6b	7.86
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+接菌 Chlorantraniliprole + F. verticillioides inoculation	19.17±0.74a	38.27±0.18a	35.07±0.87a	0.50b	205.93±6.23b	5.49
	甲维盐 Emamectin benzoate	19.52±0.73a	39.25±0.39a	35.07±0.69a	0.22b	209.73±5.65b	7.44
	甲维盐+戊唑醇 Emamectin benzoate + Tebuconazole	19.57±0.38a	38.94±0.11a	35.48±0.42a	0.28b	211.81±10.76b	8.50
	甲维盐+苯醚甲环唑 Emamectin benzoate + Difenoconazole	19.32±0.54a	39.29±0.19a	36.02±0.66a	0.72b	208.07±4.30b	6.59
	甲维盐+氰烯菌酯 Emamectin benzoate + Phenamacril	19.33±0.51a	38.83±0.21a	34.82±0.65a	0.17b	206.96±6.17b	6.02
	甲维盐+接菌 Emamectin benzoate + F. verticillioides inoculation	19.27±0.57a	38.84±0.28a	34.74±0.67a	0.83b	213.30±7.53ab	9.27
	CK	19.33±0.62a	38.56±0.23a	33.57±0.41b	1.67a	195.21±8.25c	-
夏玉米 Summer maize	氯虫苯甲酰胺 Chlorantraniliprole	16.37±0.62a	32.76±1.58a	33.92±0.53ab	0.17b	199.03±14.98a	11.37
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+戊唑醇 Chlorantraniliprole + Tebuconazole	16.51±0.93a	33.06±2.02a	34.49±0.89ab	0b	199.38±14.61a	11.41
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+苯醚甲环唑 Chlorantraniliprole + Difenoconazole	16.82±0.91a	33.50±2.35a	34.20±1.15ab	0.17b	195.42±14.01a	9.20
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+氰烯菌酯 Chlorantraniliprole + Phenamacril	16.42±1.12a	32.07±2.58a	34.40±1.39ab	0b	201.09±17.5a	12.37
	氯虫苯甲酰胺+接菌 Chlorantraniliprole + F. verticillioides inoculation	16.88±0.83a	33.74±2.65a	34.34±1.08ab	0b	197.08±11.26a	10.12
	甲维盐 Emamectin benzoate	16.36±0.89a	31.96±2.21a	34.47±1.52ab	0b	195.66±14.84a	9.33
	甲维盐+戊唑醇 Emamectin benzoate + Tebuconazole	16.42±0.67a	32.32±1.59a	34.56±1.82ab	0b	198.17±16.24a	10.74
	甲维盐+苯醚甲环唑 Emamectin benzoate + Difenoconazole	17.01±0.23a	34.24±1.31a	35.25±1.01a	0.11b	203.93±9.45a	13.95
	甲维盐+氰烯菌酯 Emamectin benzoate + Phenamacril	16.45±0.76a	33.04±1.65a	34.95±1.41a	0b	201.62±16.16a	12.66
	甲维盐+接菌 Emamectin benzoate + F. verticillioides inoculation	16.73±0.47a	33.37±1.31a	33.96±1.45ab	0.17b	198.58±23.37a	10.96
	CK	16.60±0.68a	32.50±1.98a	32.79±1.10b	3.39a	178.96±12.30b	-

Table 4

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编号 Number	药剂 Pesticide	剂型 Dosage form	有效成分用量 Dosage (g·hm^-2or mL·hm^-2)	生产厂家 Manufacturer
1	5%甲维盐 5% Emamectin benzoate	水分散粒剂 Water dispersible granule	30	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所廊坊农药中试厂 Langfang Pesticide Factory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
2	200 g·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺 200 g·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole	悬浮剂 Suspension concentrate	25	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所廊坊农药中试厂 Langfang Pesticide Factory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
3	25%氰烯菌酯 25% Phenamacril	悬浮剂 Suspension concentrate	500	江苏省农药研究所股份有限公司 Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute Company Limited
4	430 g·L^-1戊唑醇 430g·L^-1 Tebuconazole	悬浮剂 Suspension concentrate	250	拜耳（中国）有限公司 Bayer (China) Company Limited
5	10%苯醚甲环唑 10% Difenoconazole	微乳剂 Microemulsion	22.5	中国农业科学院植物保护研究所廊坊农药中试厂 Langfang Pesticide Factory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

种植季节 Sowing season	药剂处理 Formulation	蛀穗率 Insect damage incidence (%)	平均虫害级别 Average insect damage severity	病情指数 Disease index	发病率 Ear rot incidence (%)	伏马毒素B1+B2含量Fumonisin B1+ B2 content (μg·kg^-1)
春玉米 Spring maize	氯虫苯甲酰胺+接菌 Chlorantraniliprole + F. verticillioides inoculation	6.9c	0.069d	0.4c	3.5c	711c
	甲维盐+接菌 Emamectin benzoate + F. verticillioides inoculation	32.8b	0.376c	1.9b	8.5bc	1454bc
	仅接菌F. verticillioides inoculation	60.8a	0.752b	9.4a	50.0a	8710a
	CK	71.7a	0.902a	2.7b	17.2b	2817b
夏玉米 Summer maize	氯虫苯甲酰胺+接菌 Chlorantraniliprole + F. verticillioides inoculation	4.6c	0.046d	0b	0b	59b
	甲维盐+接菌 Emamectin benzoate + F. verticillioides inoculation	16.6b	0.166c	0.3b	2.7b	186b
	仅接菌F. verticillioides inoculation	88.9a	1.177a	6.2a	31.0a	3119a
	CK	82.0a	0.900b	4.2a	21.9a	1670a

Effects of Chemical Control of Ear Borers on Reducing Fusarium verticillioides Ear Rot and Fumonisin Level

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