钾肥袋控缓释对桃产量、品质及土壤氯离子含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.19.016

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of mixtures of potassium fertilizers being bag-controlled released on the photosynthesis, fruit yield and qualities of peach trees and the chloride content in soil were studied to provide reference for scientific application of potassium fertilizers in peach orchard.【Method】Late-ripening peach ‘Ruipan 21’/Prunus persica (Carr. ) Franch. were used as research materials, and a 2-year field trial was conducted with five types of fertilizers being bag-controlled released, including without potassium fertilizer (Control), 100% potassium sulfate (PC 0), 30% potassium chloride and 70% potassium sulfate (PC 30), 60% potassium chloride and 40% potassium sulfate (PC 60) and 100% potassium chloride (PC 100). It was fertilized at the beginning of March every year, the soil dynamic changes of available potassium and chloride content in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layer were determined in the middle of April, June, August and October of each year. The potassium and chloride content, SPAD values and photosynthetic rates in leaves were determined in the first rapid growth stage (S1), the hard core stage (S2), the second rapid growth stage (S3) and the maturity stage (S4) of peach trees, and the chloride content in fruit and the yield and qualities were investigated.【Result】The average Cl^- content in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layer was 34.03 and 38.78 μg·g^-1 in the orchard without chlorine treatment. With the increase of potassium chloride, the Cl^- content in different soil layers showed an increasing trend. The average content of Cl^- in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layer under PC 30, PC 60 and PC 100 were 37.98, 39.55, 41.61, 45.62, 51.17 and 58.87 μg·g^-1, respectively. However continuous application of bag-controlled potassium chloride for two years did not result in the accumulation of Cl^- in soil. The content of Cl^- in the leaves also increased with the increase of the amount of chlorine applied. The content of Cl^- under PC 30, PC 60 and PC 100 was 6.35%, 24.30% and 32.22% higher than that under PC 0. Among them, the content of Cl^- in the leaves of the four stages treated by PC 30 was 234.29, 243.16, 233.81 and 233.20 μg·g^-1, respectively. Moreover, PC 30 treatment significantly increased the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of leaves, while PC 60 and PC 100 treatment reduced the photosynthetic capacity of leaves. The content of available potassium in soil was higher in the early stage and decreased gradually later. The potassium release peak under PC 30, PC 60 and PC 100 treatments occurred in June, while the peak under PC 0 treatments occurred in August. The potassium content in the leaves reached the highest value in the second fruit growth stage (S 3), then decreased gradually, and the potassium content in the leaves at the maturity stage (S4) was the lowest. There was no significant change in the content of available potassium in leaves under different potassium treatments, indicating that the release rate of potassium chloride treatment had no significant effect on potassium absorption in leaves. The Cl^- content between PC 30 and PC 0 fruits had no significant difference, with an average content of 55.0 μg·g^-1. But the Cl^- content increased by 10.40% and 28.45% under PC 60 and PC 100, compared with PC 0 on average. For two consecutive years, the single fruit weight and yield treated with PC30 increased slightly, and which of PC 60 and PC 100 treatments were significantly reduced. The application of low potassium chloride had no significant effect on fruit quality, however medium or high potassium chloride could reduce the fruit quality.【Conclusion】Using the method of fertilizer being bag-controlled release, replacing potassium sulfate with 30% potassium chloride resulted in no accumulation of Cl^- in the soil, and could promote leaves photosynthesis, increase yield, and did not cause the decline of fruit quality and toxicity of the tree. Therefore, the proper amount of potassium chloride could be used instead of potassium sulfate in the peach orchard following the model of fertilizers being bag-controlled release.

Key words: bag-controlled release fertilizer, peach, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, yield, quality

ZHANG YaFei,PENG FuTian,XIAO YuanSong,LUO JingJing,DU AnQi. Effects of Potassium Fertilizers Being Bag-Controlled Released on Fruit Yield and Quality of Peach Trees and Soil Chloride Content[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(19): 4035-4044.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

References 30

[1]	郭全恩, 王益权, 郭天文, 马忠明, 刘军, 南丽丽. 半干旱地区果园土壤Cl^-迁移积累与环境因子的关系. 核农学报, 2009, 23(5): 853-857.
	GUO Q E, WANG Y Q, GUO T W, MA Z M, LIU J. NAN L L. Relationship between chlorine ion transfer/accumulation and environmental factors in orchards soil of semi-arid region. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 23(5): 853-857. (in Chinese)
[2]	BARI G, HAMID A. Salt tolerance of rice varieties and mutant strains. Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 1988, 31(4): 282-284.
[3]	FERREIRA P A, ROBEIRO A C, SANTOS C R D, HENRIQUES HBP, CAIXETA T J. Vertical movement of nitrate, ammonium, chloride and potassium in irrigated soil columns. Revista Ceres, 1990: 152-166.
[4]	毛知耘, 周则芳, 石孝均, 刘洪斌. 植物氯素营养与含氯化肥科学施用. 中国工程科学, 2000, 2(6): 64-66.
	MAO Z Y, ZHOU Z F, SHI X J, LIU H B. Chlorine nutrition of plant and application of chlorine-containing fertilizers. Engineering Science, 2000, 2(6): 64-66. (in Chinese)
[5]	王兴梅. 含氯肥料对苹果产量品质及土壤氯素分布特征的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2018.
	WANG X M. Effects of chlorine-containing fertilizer on yield and quality of apple and distribution characteristics of chlorine in soil[D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[6]	朱宗瑛. 施用含氯肥料对柑橘产量品质及土壤氯离子残留的影响[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2018.
	ZHU Z Y. Effects of applying chloride-containing fertilizers on yield and quality of citrus and soil chloride content[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[7]	YANG X Y, GENG J B, LI C L, ZHANG M, CHEN B C, TIAN X F, ZHENG W K, LIU Z G, WANG C. Combined application of polymer coated potassium chloride and urea improved fertilizer use efficiencies, yield and leaf photosynthesis of cotton on saline soil. Field Crops Research, 2016, 197: 63-73. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.009
[8]	YANG X Y, LI C L, ZHANG Q, LIU Z G, GENG J B, ZHANG M. Effects of polymer-coated potassium chloride on cotton yield, leaf senescence and soil potassium. Field Crops Research, 2017, 212: 145-152. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2017.07.019
[9]	马凌云, 王月, 蔡芳芳, 张诗雨, 罗培宇, 杨劲峰, 韩晓日. 长期施用含氯化肥对棕壤硝化作用及氨氧化微生物的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(5): 824-831.
	MA L Y, WANG Y, CAI F F, ZHANG S Y, LUO P Y, YANG J F, HAN X R. Effects of long-term application of chlorinated fertilizer on nitrification and ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in brown soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(5): 824-831. (in Chinese)
[10]	辜运富, 张小平, 涂仕华, 孙锡发, Kristina Lindstroem. 长期定位施肥对紫色水稻土硝化作用及硝化细菌群落结构的影响. 生态学报, 2008, 28(5): 2123-2130.
	GU Y F, ZHANG X P, TU S H, SUN X F, KRISTINA L. Effects of long-term fertilization on nitrification and nitrobaceria community in a purple paddy soil under rice wheat rotations. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(5): 2123-2130. (in Chinese)
[11]	王兴梅, 杨莉莉, 高义民, 同延安. 不同含氯肥料用量对黄土区苹果产量、品质及氯素分布的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报, 2019, 47(3): 77-84.
	WANG X M, YANG L L, GAO Y M, TONG Y A. Effects of chlorine-containing fertilizer dosage on yield, quality of apple and Cl^- distribution in loess area. Journal of Northwest A&F University, 2019, 47(3): 77-84. (in Chinese)
[12]	王芳. 氯化钾对西瓜产量品质和土壤中氯离子残留的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2006.
	WANG F. Effect of potassium chloride on yield and quality of watermelon and soil chloride content[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. (in Chinese)
[13]	孙业民, 张俊莲, 李真, 李自龙, 李朝周. 氯化钾对干旱胁迫下马铃薯幼苗抗旱性的影响及其机制研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2014, 32(3): 29-34.
	SUN Y M, ZHANG J L, LI Z, LI Z L, LI C Z. Effect of potassium chloride on drought resistance of potato seedlings. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2014, 32(3): 29-34. (in Chinese)
[14]	曾睿, 陈春, 何忠俊, 李成学, 合勐麟. 不同供氯水平对烤烟生长发育和养分吸收的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2010(2): 55-58, 62.
	ZENG R, CHEN C, HE Z J, LI C X, HE M L. Effects of chlorine application levels on growth and nutrient absorption of flue-cured tobacco. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2010(2): 55-58, 62. (in Chinese)
[15]	XIAO Y S, PENG F T, ZHANG Y F, WANG J, ZHUGE Y P, ZHANG S S, GAO H F. Effect of bag-controlled release fertilizer on nitrogen loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and nitrogen applied amount in peach production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 234: 258-274.
[16]	张亚飞, 罗静静, 彭福田, 王国栋, 郜怀峰. 黄腐酸钾与化肥控释袋促进桃树生长及氮肥吸收利用. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(4): 998-1005.
	ZHANG Y F, LUO J J, PENG F T, WANG G D, GAO H F. Fulvic acid potassium and nutrient-controlled release paperbag enhance peach tree growth, nitrogen absorption and utilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(4): 998-1005. (in Chinese)
[17]	张亚飞, 罗静静, 彭福田, 郜怀峰, 王国栋, 孙希武. 肥料袋控缓释对桃树根系生长、氮素吸收利用及产量品质的影响. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(24): 4769-4778.
	ZHANG Y F, LUO J J, PENG F T, GAO H F, WANG G D, SUN X W. Effects of fertilizer being bag-controlled released on root growth, nitrogen absorption and utilization, fruit yield and quality of peach trees. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(24): 4769-4778. (in Chinese)
[18]	朱江, 程丽娅, 郎朗. 离子色谱法测定植物样品中氯的前处理方法研究. 分析实验室, 2015, 34(8): 922-925.
	ZHU J, CHENG L Y, LANG L. Study on the pretreatment method in the determination of chlorine in plant samples using ion chromatography. Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory, 2015, 34(8): 922-925. (in Chinese)
[19]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 第3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
	BAO S D. Analysis of Soil Agrochemical. 3rd ed. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000. (in Chinese)
[20]	徐艳如. 桃根系分布特点及其对不同施肥处理的反应[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2011.
	XU Y R. Peach root distribution character and its response to different kinds of fertilizer[D]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[21]	ROMINGER R S, SMITH D, PETERSON L A. Influence of high rates of topdressed KCl and K₂SO₄ on recovery of K, Cl, and SO₄-S by alfalfa and residual amount remaining in the soil. Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis, 1977, 8(6): 489-507.
[22]	彭福田, 彭勇, 周鹏, 张守仕. 肥料袋控缓释对沾化冬枣氮素利用率与生长结果的影响. 园艺学报, 2006, 33(2): 223-228.
	PENG F T, PENG Y, ZHOU P, ZHANG S S. Effect of fertilizer being bag-controlled release on nitrogen utilization rate, growth and fruiting of Zhanhua winter date (Zizyphus jujube Mill var. inemis Rehd). Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2006, 33(2): 223-228. (in Chinese)
[23]	HAVLIN J L, TISDALE S L, NELSON W L, BEATON J D. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. Seventh Edition. New York: Maonillan Publishing, 1985.
[24]	杨修一. 控释尿素和氯化钾对盐碱地棉花生长发育及土壤肥力的影响[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2018.
	YANG X Y. Effects of controlled-release urea and potassium chloride on cotton growth and soil fertility in saline soil[D]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[25]	孟庆伟, 高辉远. 植物生理学. 第2版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2017.
	MENG Q W, GAO H Y. Plant Physiology. 2nd ed. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2017. (in Chinese)
[26]	李永忠, 罗彭涛. 氯在烟草体内的生理代谢功能及其应用. 云南农业大学学报, 1995, 10(1): 57-61.
	LI Y Z, LUO P T. Physiologic and metabolic functions of chloride in tobacco and its application in the production. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 1995, 10(1): 57-61. (in Chinese)
[27]	WHITE P J, BROADLEY M R. Chloride in soils and its uptake and movement within the plant: A review. Annals of Botany, 2001, 88(6): 967-988. doi: 10.1006/anbo.2001.1540
[28]	卢红霞. 氯(Cl^-)对马铃薯的某些生理效应及对土壤中氮肥行为的影响[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2001.
	LU H X. Studies on the influence of Cl^- on physiological effects of potato & nitrogenous fertilizer transformation in soil culture[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2001. (in Chinese)
[29]	SYKES S R. Chloride and sodium excluding capacities of citrus rootstock germplasm introduced to Australia from the People's Republic of China. Scientia Horticulturae, 2011, 128(4): 443-449.
[30]	SZEWCZUK A, KOMOSA A, GUDAROWSKA E. Effect of soil potassium levels and different potassium fertilizers on yield, macroelement and chloride nutrion status of apple trees in full fruition period. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus, 2011, 10(1): 83-94.

Related Articles 15

[1]	PENG TingShen, LU JiuYan, WU MeiLin, YAN YuXin, LIU HongZhou, NAN WenBin, QIN XiaoJian, LI Ming, GONG JunYi, LIANG YongShu. QTL Analysis of Yield-Related Traits in Both Huangnuo2^# and Changbai7^# of Perennial Chinese Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1361-1379.
[2]	WANG YuPing, FU Zhi, SUN JiaYing, MU XiaoMeng, LIU HuiLin, GUO JinYun, SONG WenJing, HOU LeiPing, ZHAO HaiLiang. Evaluation of the Mitigating Effect and Application Efficacy of Melatonin Applied at the Seedling Stage on Short-Term Chilling Stress in Tomato Plants [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1523-1535.
[3]	WANG JiaNuo, CHEN GuiPing, LI Pan, WANG LiPing, NAN YunYou, HE Wei, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen, ZHAO LiaoHao. Photo-Physiological Mechanism at Grain Filling Stage of No-Tillage with Plastic Re-Mulching to Increase Maize Yield in Oasis Irrigation Areas [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1189-1202.
[4]	ZHOU XinJie, REN Hao, CHEN YingLong, ZHANG JiWang, ZHAO Bin, REN BaiZhao, LIU Peng, WANG HongZhang. Effects of Calcium Peroxide on Root Morphology and Yield Formation of Summer Maize in Waterlogging Farmland [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1203-1216.
[5]	HE JiHang, ZHANG Qing, LÜ XiangYue, XUE JiQuan, XU ShuTu, LIU JianChao. Evaluation of Nitrogen Efficiency of Different Stay-Green Maize Hybrids [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1217-1230.
[6]	YUE LiXin, WANG QingHua, WANG ZhenBao, NIMAQIONGJI, LIU ZeZhou, KONG SuPing, ZHANG LiFeng, GAO LiMin. Widely Targeted Metabolomics-Based Analysis of the Differences in Tibetan Bunching Onion and Chive on Nutritional Quality and Flavonoid Metabolites [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 1070-1086.
[7]	ZHANG LiDong, GUO YiCong, HUANG HongYu, NIE Jing, WANG Bing, LI MengYu, LI JiaWang, SUI XiaoLei, LI YuHe. Correlation Analysis of Cucumber Fruit Quality Integrating Sensory Evaluation with Nutritional Traits and Flavor Compound Characteristics [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 1087-1100.
[8]	WANG ShaoHua, FAN QiuLi, YANG JinChang, SUN YuJie, YU Niu, JIANG ShouQun. Effects of Different Levels of Mytilaria laosensis Leaves Feeding on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Carcass Quality and Meat Quality of Yellow-Feathered Chickens [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 1111-1127.
[9]	DONG JinLong, ZHAO Ying, YU HaiBing, LÜ JianYe, QIN JiaQi, LIANG Chen, MING Bo, LI ShaoKun. Multi-Model Elucidating of Nutritional Quality Contributions to Maize Kernel Test Weight and Regional Heterogeneity [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 985-995.
[10]	HAO Kun, CHEN HongDe, ZHANG Wei, ZHONG Yun, DANG MeiRong, ZHU ShiJiang, HUANG ZhiKun, JIN Ying. Comprehensive Evaluation of Water-Nitrogen Management Under Surge-Root Irrigation Based on Citrus Yield, Quality, and Water- Nitrogen Use Efficiency [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 862-873.
[11]	GUO FuCheng, TANG HaiJiang, HAO XinYi, MA GuoLin, YANG JiuJu, HUANG LinFeng, TIAN Lei, WANG Bin, LUO ChengKe. Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Water-Salt Transport, Rice Yield, and Water Use Efficiency in Saline Soil in Ningxia [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 750-764.
[12]	YAN TingLin, DU YaDan, HU XiaoTao, WANG He, LI XiaoYan, WANG YuMing, NIU WenQuan, GU XiaoBo. The Impacts of Nitrogen Fertilizer Organic Alternatives Under Aerated Drip Irrigation on Cotton Yield and Water Use Efficiency Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 602-618.
[13]	YANG Rui, CHEN JingDong, HUANG Ying, XIE LingLi, ZHANG XueKun, ZHOU DengWen, LIU QingYun, XU JinSong, XU BenBo. Genetic Improvement and Configuration Analysis of High-Yield Rapeseed Lines in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 250-264.
[14]	CHEN GuiPing, WEI JinGui, GUO Yao, LI Pan, WANG FeiEr, QIU HaiLong, FENG FuXue, YIN Wen. Synergistic Effects of Wide-Narrow Row and Density Enhancement on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Resource Utilization of Maize in Oasis Irrigation Areas [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 278-291.
[15]	CAI TingYang, ZHU YuPeng, LI RuiDong, WU ZongSheng, XU YiFan, SONG WenWen, XU CaiLong, WU CunXiang. Effects of Leaf-Cutting at Seedling Stage on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Pod Distribution and Yield Formation in Soybean in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 292-304.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

处理 Treatment	2017				2018
处理 Treatment	S1	S2	S3	S4	S1	S2	S3	S4
对照Control	18.17d	38.63d	40.70d	41.10d	17.23c	37.47c	38.70d	40.03d
PC 0	20.00c	42.47b	45.73ab	48.30ab	21.03ab	42.33b	45.43b	48.03a
PC 30	20.23c	43.47a	46.47a	48.70a	22.00a	43.67a	46.40a	48.17a
PC 60	20.83b	43.70a	45.20b	47.50b	22.33a	43.77a	44.87b	46.80b
PC 100	21.97a	41.40c	42.77c	45.80c	21.77b	41.83b	42.63c	43.20c

处理 Treatment	2017				2018
处理 Treatment	S1	S2	S3	S4	S1	S2	S3	S4
对照Control	12.33d	13.80d	14.80c	15.27d	11.97d	12.83d	13.47e	14.23d
PC 0	13.40c	15.43b	16.43ab	17.10b	13.53c	15.37b	16.73b	17.33b
PC 30	14.27b	16.10a	16.90a	18.07a	14.47ab	16.07a	17.70a	18.73a
PC 60	14.83a	15.53b	15.87b	16.97b	14.87a	15.50b	15.87c	16.77b
PC 100	14.10b	14.93c	15.07c	16.03c	14.03bc	14.83c	14.80d	15.60c

时间 Year	处理 Treatment	平均单株产量 Mean yield (kg)	平均单果重 Mean fruit weight (g)	果实硬度 Fruit rigidity (kg?cm^-2)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid content (%)	可滴定酸 Titratable acid (%)
2017	对照 Control	40.11c	219.87c	10.20a	9.70c	0.18c
	PC0	55.36a	286.18a	9.37b	12.77a	0.22b
	PC30	56.15a	294.85a	9.10b	12.55a	0.23a
	PC60	56.04a	290.28a	9.07b	12.47a	0.23a
	PC100	50.51b	264.82b	8.79b	11.41b	0.23a
2018	对照Control	32.27c	175.37d	9.83a	9.11d	0.18b
	PC0	55.24a	296.35a	9.07b	12.69a	0.22a
	PC30	56.79a	301.00a	9.10b	12.42a	0.23a
	PC60	51.63b	282.67b	8.93b	11.86b	0.22a
	PC100	45.08b	236.39c	8.73b	11.17c	0.23a

Effects of Potassium Fertilizers Being Bag-Controlled Released on Fruit Yield and Quality of Peach Trees and Soil Chloride Content

RichHTML

PDF