施肥位置及施肥量对杂交谷子干物质累积、转运和产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.021

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was to probe the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer amount and location on dry matter accumulation, translocation and yield of hybrid millet, provide theoretical basis for high yield and efficient planting and development of light simplified cultivation techniques. 【Method】 Taking hybrid millet (Setaria italica) cultivar of Zhangzagu10 as the tested material, a field experiment, cultivated with plastic film mulching, was conducted during 2016-2017 at the Innovation Zone of Shanxi Agricultural University by quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design. These 5 factors included nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer rates, the horizontal distance to seed and depth of application, and each factor had 5 levels. All the fertilizers were basal applied in the designed rate and position, Nitrogen fertilizer is urea containing 46%N, phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate containing 16%P₂O₅, and potassium is sulfate containing 50%K₂O. At elongation, heading, flowering, maturity, 3 clumps of millet plants were taken to examine dry matter accumulation. Harvested in early October, weighted and calculated the yield after threshing and drying, to study the effects of fertilization amount and fertilization position on dry matter accumulation, transport and yield in different growth stages of millet. The correlation between the tested index with the fertilizer rate and position were established using multivariate linear regression model 【Result】 (1) Higher yield levels requires higher supply levels of N, P and K, and the ratio of P and K increase relatively. (2) The order in the response degree on dry matter accumulation was nitrogen>phosphorus>potassium>fertilization horizontal distance>fertilization application depth; the order in the response degree on dry matter translocation was potassium>fertilization application depth>phosphorus>nitrogen>fertilization horizontal distance; the order in the response degree on yield was nitrogen>phosphorus>potassium>fertilization application depth>fertilization horizontal distance. (3) Nitrogen, phosphorus had an extremely significant effect on dry matter accumulation in main growth periods. The interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus in vegetative growth stage was negative, while in reproductive growth stage was positive. (4) As crop growth period goes on, the effects of potassium, fertilizer horizontal distance,and fertilizer application depth on dry matter accumulation change from negative to positive, and the degree of effect increases. The distance between the best fertilization location and the sowing location increased first and then decreased. (5) The regression between five factors and dry matter accumulation and translocation was extremely significant, and the fitting degree was higher. Therefore, it can be used in the actual production forecast. 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment, the optimal scheme for Zhangzagu 10 was 16.80-18.75 cm of fertilization horizontal distance, 20.80-23.75 cm of fertilization application depth, 225 kg·hm ^-2 of N, 136.35-153.63 kg·hm ^-2 of P₂O₅, 93.56-108.63 kg·hm ^-2of K₂O.

Key words: hybrid millet, quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, location, dry matter accumulation, yield

LI YongHu,CAO MengLin,DU HuiLing,GUO PingYi,ZHANG HaiYing,GUO MeiJun,YUAN XiangYang. Effect of Fertilization Location and Amount on Dry Matter Accumulation, Translocation and Yield of Hybrid Millet[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(22): 4177-4190.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Table 2

Program and experimental results of dry matter accumulation, translocation and yield(kg·hm-2)"

No.	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	干物质积累量 dry matter accumulation at different growth stages				转运量 Dry matter translocation	籽粒产量 Grain yield
No.	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	拔节前 Sowing-elongation	孕穗期 Elongation-heading	抽穗灌浆期 Heading-flowering	籽粒形成期 Flowering-maturity	转运量 Dry matter translocation	籽粒产量 Grain yield
1	-1	-1	-1	-1	1	392.0	3203.1	1281.0	2952.9	1005.4	3958.3
2	-1	-1	-1	1	-1	624.9	5046.2	1441.8	3509.3	1786.9	5296.2
3	-1	-1	1	-1	-1	528.0	5278.5	1759.7	3868.4	1206.8	5075.2
4	-1	-1	1	1	1	531.6	6288.3	2389.9	5671.1	1604.6	7275.7
5	-1	1	-1	-1	-1	383.1	3069.3	1296.1	3117.3	1000.8	4118.1
6	-1	1	-1	1	1	428.4	4737.5	1812.7	4100.4	1047.4	5147.8
7	-1	1	1	-1	1	442.7	5279.9	1801.0	5044.4	1098.0	6142.4
8	-1	1	1	1	-1	548.4	6455.6	2258.3	6061.3	1419.7	7481.0
9	1	-1	-1	-1	-1	346.7	3329.1	1330.7	3203.6	1027.9	4231.5
10	1	-1	-1	1	1	447.1	4752.8	1928.1	4176.0	1003.9	5179.9
11	1	-1	1	-1	1	436.4	5400.5	1746.2	5126.2	1081.8	6208.0
12	1	-1	1	1	-1	542.2	6516.4	2343.2	6000.9	1559.6	7560.5
13	1	1	-1	-1	1	327.1	3718.0	1539.0	3637.3	516.8	4154.1
14	1	1	-1	1	-1	472.9	5360.2	1849.6	4502.2	1314.7	5816.9
15	1	1	1	-1	-1	456.0	6037.2	2066.8	4558.2	1200.4	5758.6
16	1	1	1	1	1	459.6	6342.5	2474.3	7335.1	833.4	8168.5
17	-2	0	0	0	0	508.4	5111.0	1858.9	4832.9	1446.4	6279.3
18	2	0	0	0	0	471.1	5285.2	2301.5	5916.4	880.2	6796.6
19	0	-2	0	0	0	501.3	5283.0	1965.9	4798.2	1361.4	6159.6
20	0	2	0	0	0	470.2	5347.9	2316.2	6109.3	715.8	6825.1
21	0	0	-2	0	0	380.4	2824.9	1229.4	2519.1	753.5	3272.6
22	0	0	2	0	0	507.6	6052.7	2291.7	5808.0	1149.4	6957.4
23	0	0	0	-2	0	372.4	4043.9	1439.7	3507.6	999.5	4507.1
24	0	0	0	2	0	534.2	6139.5	2240.0	5963.6	1334.2	7297.8
25	0	0	0	0	-2	512.9	5273.0	1656.8	4585.8	1418.8	6004.6
26	0	0	0	0	2	427.6	5632.1	1838.0	5136.0	911.3	6047.3
27	0	0	0	0	0	512.9	5176.4	2128.8	5951.1	1012.5	6965.0
28	0	0	0	0	0	493.3	5673.6	2172.8	6160.0	1038.0	7207.7
29	0	0	0	0	0	504.9	6281.8	2331.8	6376.9	1508.1	7890.1
30	0	0	0	0	0	474.7	6258.5	2345.2	6365.3	1379.1	7746.0
31	0	0	0	0	0	519.1	5780.8	2240.7	5603.6	1643.3	7251.2
32	0	0	0	0	0	463.1	6274.3	2251.8	6233.8	1420.0	7633.5
33	0	0	0	0	0	544.9	6228.8	2276.8	5953.8	1609.8	7576.3
34	0	0	0	0	0	473.8	6130.1	2280.6	6049.3	1624.7	7656.2
35	0	0	0	0	0	485.3	6068.3	2185.3	5770.7	1338.9	7105.8
36	0	0	0	0	0	560.9	6065.5	2259.7	5790.7	1568.2	7366.2

Table 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

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Effect of Fertilization Location and Amount on Dry Matter Accumulation, Translocation and Yield of Hybrid Millet

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编码Code	施肥水平距离 Row spacing (cm)	施肥深度 Plant spacing (cm)	N (kg·hm^-2)	P₂O₅(kg·hm^-2)	K₂O (kg·hm^-2)
-2	5	10	0	0	0
-1	10	15	75	45	45
0	15	20	150	90	90
1	20	25	225	135	135
2	25	30	300	180	180
△j	5	5	75	45	45

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