施肥方法对小麦专用控释氮肥肥效的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.20.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the suitable controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer varieties and their application methods in the wheat production process, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of the one-off mechanized application technology of wheat controlled-release fertilizer. 【Method】 Three dominant wheat producing areas with different soil types, fertility levels and climatic conditions in Shandong province were selected to study effects of different application methods of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for wheat (surface broadcasting and rotary tillage (CRF1), banding below seeds (CRF2), and banding below and away from seeds (CRF3)) on wheat yield, nutrient absorption, soil nitrate nitrogen content and nitrogen use efficiency under the same optimal fertilization conditions by the method of field plot experiment. At the same time, the application methods were compared with the conventional urea fertilization (half urea was used as the base fertilizer, and half of urea was used at jointing of wheat (CK1), and all of urea was used as the base fertilizer by surface broadcasting and rotary tillage (CK2)) and no nitrogen fertilizer (CK0). 【Result】 The yield of wheat grown in Taian brown soil ranged from 7 021 to 7 683 kg·hm^-2, and the yields of CRF1 and CRF2 increased by 6.1% and 3.5% respectively compared with CK1, but the difference did not reach a significant level. The yield of CRF3 and CK1 was not significantly different, and the yield of CRF1 and CRF2 wheat was significantly higher than that of CK2, which increased by 9.4% and 6.7%, respectively. The yield of wheat grown in Chiping tidal soil ranged from 4 576 to 5 193 kg·hm^-2, and the yield of CRF1 and CK1 wheat was not significantly different, but significantly higher than that of CK2, with an increase of 11.3%. The yield of wheat treated with nitrogen fertilizer in the Huantai cinnamon soil ranged from 5 222 to 5 830 kg·hm^-2. The yield of CRF1, CRF2 and CRF3 had no significant difference with CK1, while the yield of CRF1 was significantly higher than that of CK2, with an increase of 10.8%. The wheat yield and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of CRF1 were higher in all three sites, but there was no significant difference between CRF2 and CRF3. In Taian brown soil, the distribution rates of grain nitrogen of CRF1 and CRF3 were significantly higher than those of CK1 and CK2. The nitrogen use efficiency of CRF1, CRF2 and CRF3 in Huantai cinnamon soil was 46.7%, 49.5% and 50.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference among the three treatments, and no significant difference with CK1 and CK2. The three kinds of fertilization methods of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on the distribution of dry matter in wheat grain and straw, the nitrogen content and accumulation of grain and the surplus of nitrogen. In Chiping and Huantai, the content of nitrate nitrogen of CRF2 and CRF3 in 0-90 cm soil layer was higher. The content of nitrate nitrogen under CK1 and CK2 in Taian was higher, while that under CRF1 was the lowest. 【Conclusion】 In the case of optimized dosage, the surface broadcasting and rotary tillage method for self-made wheat-specific controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer was conducive to stable or higher yield and production costs savings.

Key words: controlled-release fertilizer, fertilization methods, wheat, yield, nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer placement

Ping LIU, DeShui TAN, Yu XU, HaiTao LIN, Yan LI, XiaoZong SONG, YuWen SHEN, ZhaoHui LIU. Effects of Fertilization Methods of Self-Made Wheat-Specific Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Fertilizer Efficiencies[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(20): 3897-3908.

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试验地点 Test point	土壤类型 Soil type	质地 Soil texture	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Hydrolysis N （mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
茌平Chiping	潮土Fluvo-aquic soil	黏壤土 Clay loam	7.97	16.0	26.7	12.6	88.0
泰安Taian	棕壤 Brown soil	轻壤土Light loam	5.71	17.1	35.8	33.1	173.0
桓台Huantai	褐土 Cinnamon soil	壤土Loam	7.92	14.8	30.4	7.0	74.0

试验地点 Test point	养分投入量Nutrient input (kg·hm^-2)			播种量 Seeding rate (kg·hm^-2)	播种日期 Seeding date	收获日期 Harvest date
试验地点 Test point	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	播种量 Seeding rate (kg·hm^-2)	播种日期 Seeding date	收获日期 Harvest date
茌平Chiping	210	75	105	300	2012.10.27	2013.6.14
泰安Taian	225	105	75	180	2012.10.11	2013.6.16
桓台Huantai	180	105	60	120	2012.10.12	2013.6.13

试验地点 Test point	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	分配率Distribution rate (%)
试验地点 Test point	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒Grain	秸秆Straw
茌平 Chiping	CK1	5193a	36.7a	63.3a
	CK2	4576c	36.1a	63.9a
	CRF1	5093ab	37.9a	62.1a
	CRF2	4646c	34.9a	65.1a
	CRF3	4787bc	36.2a	63.8a
泰安 Taian	CK1	7242abc	43.3 a	56.7 b
	CK2	7021c	40.5 b	59.5a
	CRF1	7683a	42.9 ab	57.1 ab
	CRF2	7494ab	41.7 ab	58.3 ab
	CRF3	7181bc	43.7 a	56.3 a
桓台 Huantai	CK0	2437c	46. 7a	53.3a
	CK1	5830a	45. 7a	54.3a
	CK2	5222b	45.1a	54.9a
	CRF1	5787a	45.4a	54.6a
	CRF2	5624ab	45.8a	54.1a
	CRF3	5482ab	45.5a	54.5a

试验地点 Test point	处理 Treatment	氮素积累量Nitrogen accumulation (kg·hm^-2)		氮素分配Nitrogen distribution (%)
试验地点 Test point	处理 Treatment	籽粒Grain	秸秆Straw	籽粒Grain	秸秆Straw
茌平 Chiping	CK1	113.2a	43.1a	72.5a	27.5a
	CK2	102.6a	38.8a	72.6a	27.4a
	CRF1	109.4a	36.7a	74.9a	25.1a
	CRF2	102.0a	43.6a	70.0a	30.0a
	CRF3	109.1a	38.7a	73.9a	26.1a
泰安 Taian	CK1	213.9a	77.4b	73.5b	26.5b
	CK2	202.0a	75.1bc	72.9b	27.1b
	CRF1	214.1a	59.6d	78.2a	21.8c
	CRF2	207.9a	101.8a	67.0c	33.0a
	CRF3	185.4a	62.0cd	74.9ab	25.1bc
桓台 Huantai	CK0	37.3c	7.0c	84.2a	15.8b
	CK1	119.1a	27.0ab	81.5ab	18.5ab
	CK2	100.3b	23.2ab	81.2ab	18.8ab
	CRF1	114.1ab	21.9b	82.9ab	17.1ab
	CRF2	111.2ab	24.1ab	81.9ab	18.1ab
	CRF3	108.5ab	27.4a	79.6b	20.4a

试验地点 Test point	处理 Treatment	氮素投入 Nitrogen input (kg·hm^-2)	作物氮输出 Crop N output (kg·hm^-2)	土壤氮素表观平衡 Soil apparent N balance (kg·hm^-2)
茌平 Chiping	CK1	210	156.3a	53.7a
	CK2	210	141.4a	68.6a
	CRF1	210	146.2a	63.8a
	CRF2	210	145.6a	64.4a
	CRF3	210	147.8a	62.2a
泰安 Taian	CK1	225	291.3a	-66.3b
	CK2	225	277.1ab	-52.1ab
	CRF1	225	273.8ab	-48.8ab
	CRF2	225	309.7a	-84.7b
	CRF3	225	247.4b	-22.4a
桓台 Huantai	CK0	0	44.4c	-44.4c
	CK1	180	146.0a	34.0b
	CK2	180	123.6b	56.4a
	CRF1	180	127.7ab	52.3ab
	CRF2	180	132.9ab	47.1ab
	CRF3	180	134.1ab	45.9ab

Effects of Fertilization Methods of Self-Made Wheat-Specific Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Fertilizer Efficiencies

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