中国冬小麦区域试验品种抗病性评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.15.006

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to evaluate the multi-disease resistance of candidate cultivars and advanced lines which were attended the National Wheat Regional Test (NWRT) to stripe rust, leaf rust, stem rust, powdery mildew, eyespot of wheat and Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) at adult stage in the past fifteen years, and the results of the study could provide a foundation for the breeding, release and application, reasonable arrangement of resistant cultivars, and food security of wheat in China.【Method】From 1999 to 2014, there were 1 815 advanced lines of NWRT inoculated with mixture races of CYR32, CYR33 of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, with PHT and THT of Puccinia triticina, 21C3 and 34C2 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, more than 15 mixture virulences of Blumeria gramins f. sp. tritici, strong virulence isolates of Fusarium graminearum and Rizoctonia cerealis, GAV strain of BYDVat the adult plant stage.【Result】There were 250 cultivars or advanced lines showed resistance to three or more diseases out of the 7 evaluated diseases. Out of the 1 815 advanced lines, 310 lines were approved to be released by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee (NCVAC). The frequency of the moderately resistant (MR) and highly resistant (HR) lines was (39.8±21.7) %, while it was (39.7±27.9)% for the frequency of moderately susceptible and highly susceptible lines. Similarly, the frequencies of resistant lines (MR and HR) to wheat Fusarium head blight, sheath blight, stem rust and powdery mildew were (31.5±27.5)%, (31.1±35.6)%, (48.2±25.6)% and (25.0±14.6)%, respectively, while the lines showing susceptible to these diseases were (68.5±27.5)%, (62.2%±38.6)%, (31.3±20.7)% and (70.7±14.6)%, respectively. Nevertheless, it was only (9.9±3.8)% of wheat lines showed leaf rust for resistance and (70.4±15.1)% was susceptible. In addition, except Henong 831 showed moderately resistance, there were no any lines showed resistance to BYDV. 【Conclusion】It is very difficult to find out resistant cultivars due to lack of resistance sources, while it is much more easier for stripe rust and powdery mildew. Gansu and Sichuan provinces are the principal origins of resistant cultivars to wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew in the released cultivars. There were less lines showed resistance to wheat leaf rust.

Key words: Triticum aestivum, resistance, Puccinia, Blumeria gramins f. sp. tritici, Fusarium graminearum

LIU Tai-guo, QIU Jun, ZHOU Yi-lin, XU Shi-chang, CHEN Huai-gu, LIU Yan, GAO Li, LIU Bo, ZHENG Chuan-lin, CHEN Wan-quan. Multi-Disease Resistance Evaluation of Chinese Advanced Winter Wheat Lines for the National Regional Test[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(15): 2967-2975.

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