Abstract: Rice and wheat are most important food crops in China. The realization of their super-high-yielding has great significance in ensuring food security in this country. Based on our researches and practices in super-high-yielding, this paper introduced the cultivation approaches and key techniques for obtaining super-high-yielding of rice and wheat (annual grain yield > 21 t•ha-1). The main approaches included enlarging sink size through stabling panicle/spike number and increasing spikelets/grains per panicle/spike, improving population quality through increasing the percentage of productive tillers and grain-leaf ratio, enhancing sink (grain) strength through increasing sugar-spikelet ratio or sugar-grain ratio, increasing matter production capacity through fostering a healthy and strong root system during the grain filling period, and increasing harvest index through enhancing remobilization of assimilates from vegetative tissues to grains. The key techniques were nursing strong-seedlings/ precise-sowing, site-specific nutrient management, precise and quantitative water-saving irrigation, and chemical control. Key points for the super-high- yielding research in rice and wheat at present and in near future were suggested.

Key words: Rice, Wheat, Annual super-high-yielding, Cultivation approaches, Key techniques