Abstract: 【Objective】In order to provide the basis of output improvement and arid farmland development, reduce the consumption of soil moisture and nutrient and control the weed and utilize natural precipitation.【Method】Changes of the quantity of weed seeds, soil moisture and nutrient by shallow tillage accompanied herbicide and deep tillage had been studied for 3 years. 【Result】 85%-90% weed seeds which fell in 0-10 cm soil layer were controlled easily by shallow tillage 2 days after autumn harvest, and weed seeds were 1.8% and 4.1% respectively below 10 cm soil layer after 5 and 10 days. 80.2% of weed seeds were in 10-30 cm soil layer by deep tillage, and 19.8% were in 0-10 cm. It was difficult to control weeds as few seeds could sprout and grow below 10 cm soil layer. Accompanied with herbicide, the quantity of weed seeds in tilth decreased averagely by 75.4% in shallow tillage, and by 27.3% in deep tillage. 50% of the cost of machine cultivation and the quantity of irrigation water were saved by shallow tillage. And it could loose soil surface so that hold the soil moisture. Moreover, there was no significant influence on soil moisture and nutrient. However, it should be cultivated heavily or not in use for one year after 2-3 years of shallow tillage. 【Conclusion】 Farmland of harvested by deep tillage is difficult to eradicate below 10cm soil layer, and result in soil erosion severity, water deficiency, meanwhile effect sprout and seeding this is one of the main causes of soil dry However, weed control by shallow tillage supports the sustainable development of dry farming.

Key words: Arid agriculture, Weed control, Soil moisture, Soil nutrient