Abstract: The theory and current molecular breeding practice in flax was summarized,, including direct introduction exogenous DNA(DIED), transgenic technology and molecular maker assisted selection. Historical and present flax breeding practice in China was reviewed. Application of molecular technology in flax breeding with resistance to non-biological stress, herbicide, fungous disease, higher fiber yield and superior quality was discussed and forecasted. Due to factors such as gene intellectual property, little fund from government on flax research and some practical difficulty existing, the work of flax molecular breeding was hold back. This review serves to propose some strategies to flax breeders and entrepreneurs in flax industry.

Key words: flax, molecular breeding, advancement