基于GC-MS技术比较分析盐源与汉源花椒籽挥发油化学成分

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.23.019

Abstract

Abstract:

【Background】 As a by-product of Zanthoxylum bungeanum processing, Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds are rich in oil and have high development potential. However, most of them are used as fertilizers or discarded in the form of waste, resulting in waste of resources. 【Objective】 In order to improve its utilization value and realize the efficient utilization of resources, this study focused on the key characteristics of volatile oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds from different producing areas, explored the chemical composition of volatile oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds from two representative producing areas of Yanyuan and Hanyuan, and analyzed the similarities and differences of chemical components of volatile oil and their changing rules.【Method】Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds samples were collected from Yanyuan County and Hanyuan County, Sichuan Province. The volatile oil in these seeds was extracted by steam distillation, and the components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The volatile oil components were identified by comparing the reference substance, NIST database and literature data, and the relative content of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to screen differential markers with origin discrimination ability. 【Result】 A total of 124 volatile components were identified from 13 batches of samples, including 28 alcohols, 23 terpenes, 20 aldehydes, 19 ketones, 13 esters, 5 fatty acids, 3 alkenes, 2 alkanes, 10 other types of compounds (including phenols, cyclic ethers, thiazoles, etc.) and 1 unknown compound. With VIP> 1 and P< 0.05 as the standard, the volatile oil components of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds from Yanyuan and Hanyuan were screened, and 22 different volatile components were screened out. The relative content of terpenes (such as D-limonene) and esters (such as linalyl acetate) in the volatile oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds from Yanyuan were generally higher. The relative content of aldehydes (such as nonanal, decanal) and ketones (such as carvone) in the volatile oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds from Hanyuan were higher. In addition, 1-heptanol was a unique component of Hanyuan. 【Conclusion】 There were some similarities in the chemical composition of volatile oil between Yanyuan and Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds, but there were some differences in the specific components and their relative content. This difference might be caused by many factors, such as geographical location, growth environment and cultivation methods, which changed the chemical composition of volatile oil. These characteristic differences could provide the key scientific basis for the origin identification, quality evaluation and geographical indication product development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds.

Key words: Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed volatile oil, GC-MS, multivariate statistical analysis methods, identification of constituents, difference analysis

ZHANG ZhiChun, HE XiaoYi, HE ChengJun, GU DongLin, ZHONG Lian, GOU Yan, GAO BiXing, GENG Zhao, LI XiaoHong, CHEN SiKai. Comparative Analysis of Volatile Oil Chemical Constituents from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Seeds in Yanyuan and Hanyuan Based on GC-MS Technology[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(23): 5057-5070.

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花椒籽编号 Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds number	采集来源 Source of collection
盐源1 Yanyuan 1	盐源县树河镇大水田村 Dashuitian Village, Shuhe Town, Yanyuan County
盐源2 Yanyuan 2	盐源县树河镇石门坎村 Shimenkan Village, Shuhe Town, Yanyuan County
盐源3 Yanyuan 3	盐源县树河镇贡椒经销点 Gongjiao sales outlet, Shuhe Town,Yanyuan County
盐源4 Yanyuan 4	盐源县平川镇青天铺村花椒专业合作社 Qingtianpu Village, Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Cooperative Pingchuan Town, Yanyuan County
盐源5 Yanyuan 5	盐源县平川镇青天铺村一组 Group 1, Qingtiangpu Village, Pingchuan Town, Yanyuan County
盐源6 Yanyuan 6	盐源县平川镇兴隆村 Xinglong Village, Pingchuan Town, Yanyuan County
汉源1 Hanyuan 1	汉源县宜东镇关华村八组 Group 8, Guanhua Village, Yidong Town, Hanyuan County
汉源2 Hanyuan 2	汉源县宜东镇川椒汇种植专业合作社 Chuanjiaohui planting specialised cooperative, Yidong Town, Hanyuan County
汉源3 Hanyuan 3	汉源县宜东镇大志花椒种植合作社湖南食品商会花椒直供部 Hunan Food Chamber of Commerce Sichuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Direct Supply Department, Dazhi Sichuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Cultivation Cooperative, Yidong Town, Hanyuan County
汉源4 Hanyuan 4	汉源县宜东镇新市村宜椒种植合作社 Yijiao Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Cultivation Cooperative, Xinshi Village, Yidong Town, Hanyuan County
汉源5 Hanyuan 5	汉源县清溪镇贡椒经销点同心村贡椒园 Gongjiao Sales Outlet, Tongxin Village, Gongjiao Orchard, Qingxi Town, Hanyuan County
汉源6 Hanyuan 6	汉源县清溪镇永安村 Yong'an Village, Qingxi Town, Hanyuan County
汉源7 Hanyuan 7	汉源县刚花椒种植合作社 Ganghuajiao Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Planting Cooperative, Hanyuan County

序号NO.	类别 Classification	化合物 Compound	VIP值 VIP value	P值 P-value	趋势 Trend
1	酯类 Esters	乙酸芳樟酯 Linalyl acetate	2.70	3.68×10^-2*	↓
2	酯类 Esters	乙酸松油酯 Terpinyl acetate	1.75	2.12×10^-5***	↓
3	酯类 Esters	己酸戊酯 Hexanoic acid, pentyl ester	1.46	4.00×10^-4***	↑
4	未知 Unknown	未知化合物1 Unknown Compound 1	1.11	5.78×10^-8***	↓
5	酮类 Ketones	香芹酮 Carvone	2.19	4.19×10^-2*	↑
6	萜烯类 Terpenes	D-柠檬烯 D-Limonene	3.20	4.40×10^-2*	↓
7	萜烯类 Terpenes	反式-柠檬烯环氧化物 trans-Limonene oxide	1.83	5.00×10^-4***	↑
8	醛类 Aldehydes	反式-2-癸烯醛 trans-2-Decenal	2.42	5.05×10^-7***	↑
9	醛类 Aldehydes	反式-2-十一烯醛 trans-2-Undecenal	2.32	4.73×10^-5***	↑
10	醛类 Aldehydes	反式-2-壬醛 trans-2-Nonenal	2.26	5.47×10^-6***	↑
11	醛类 Aldehydes	壬醛 Nonanal	2.13	7.00×10^-4***	↑
12	醛类 Aldehydes	正辛醛 Octanal	2.09	1.80×10^-3**	↑
13	醛类 Aldehydes	庚醛 Heptanal	2.05	1.16×10^-2*	↑
14	醛类 Aldehydes	反式-2-辛烯醛 trans-2-Octenal	1.74	4.02×10^-5***	↑
15	醛类 Aldehydes	(2E,4Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛 (2E,4Z)-2,4-Decanedienal	1.42	8.74×10^-6***	↑
16	醛类 Aldehydes	癸醛 Decanal	1.41	1.25×10^-6***	↑
17	醇类 Alcohols	芳樟醇 Linalool	4.49	4.00×10^-4***	↓
18	醇类 Alcohols	辛醇 Octanol	1.82	2.00×10^-4***	↑
19	醇类 Alcohols	正庚醇 1-Heptanol	1.66	8.02×10^-5***	↑
20	醇类 Alcohols	石竹素 Caryophyllene oxide	1.47	1.27×10^-2*	↓
21	醇类 Alcohols	1-异丙烯基-4-甲基-1,2-环己二醇 (1S-(1Alpha,2alpha,4beta)-1-isopropenyl-4-methyl- 1,2-cyclohexanediol	1.40	1.84×10^-2*	↓
22	醇类 Alcohols	正己醇 1-Hexanol	1.06	3.00×10^-4***	↑

Comparative Analysis of Volatile Oil Chemical Constituents from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Seeds in Yanyuan and Hanyuan Based on GC-MS Technology

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