Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (21): 4382-4392.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.21.008

• GREEN CONTROL OF MAJOR COWPEA PESTS AND FUSARIUM WILT: RESEARCH AND PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Development and Application of Novel Physical Control Technologies Based on the Correlation Between Megalurothrips usitatus Outbreaks and Cowpea Flower Development Dynamics

SHI CaiHua1(), JIN Jie1, HUA DengKe1, HU JingRong1(), ZHANG YouJun2, HUANG ShengLin3, WU MingYue4, KONG XiangYi4, XIE Wen2,3()   

  1. 1 Institute of Advanced Agricultural Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, Hubei
    2 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing 100081
    3 National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan
    4 Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, Hainan
  • Received:2025-05-08 Accepted:2025-07-06 Online:2025-11-01 Published:2025-11-06
  • Contact: HU JingRong, XIE Wen

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Abstract:

【Objective】Megalurothrips usitatus is a major biotic disaster for leguminous crops, particularly prone to damaging cowpeas. The study aims to clarify the relationship between field population dynamics of M. usitatus and cowpea flowers, and to develop new green control technologies. 【Method】The population dynamics of M. usitatus across different growth stages and plant organs of cowpeas were investigated, along with the influence of flower opening and shedding times on their activity patterns. The optimal timing for pesticide application was determined, and the abscission efficiency of five abscission methods (natural abscission, fan-induced abscission, lever-induced abscission, climbing net-induced abscission, and a combined method using both fan and lever) was compared. Additionally, the effectiveness of various flower-absorbing carriers (silver-gray plastic film, shading net, weed-proof fabric, hundred-knot net, and bare soil) was evaluated. Based on these findings, a novel integrated green control strategy, termed the “trinity, internal and external killing” approach, was developed and assessed for its efficacy in controlling M. usitatus, as well as its impact on cowpea quality and yield. 【Result】The population density of M. usitatus exhibited a trend of initial increase followed by a decline from the seedling stage to the end of flowering. The lowest population density was observed during the seedling stage, with a significant increase noted during the early flowering stage, peaking at full flowering stage. M. usitatus adults predominantly reside within flowers, while nymphs preferentially inhabit pods, followed by flowers and tender shoots. As flower buds open, the number of M. usitatus adults within flowers increases progressively. Flower closure typically occurs after 10: 00, encapsulating the insects within the floral structures. These closed flowers generally fall off gradually the following day; however, substantial numbers of M. usitatus remain concealed within the fallen flowers. Notably, flowers with receptacles harbor significantly higher numbers of M. usitatus compared to those without. A mass exodus of M. usitatus from the floral structures typically begins after 6: 00, at which point they migrate to new plant organs. For effective chemical control, application during the evening or early morning—when flowers are open—is most effective. Among the tested abscission methods, the combined use of a fan and lever demonstrated the highest efficiency in removing flowers. Additionally, the hundred-knot net significantly enhanced the effectiveness of flower collection. The implementation of the “trinity, internal and external killing” integrated green control strategy resulted in a 93.71% reduction in black head and black tail symptoms, a 96.87% reduction in wrapper tail, and a 91.55% reduction in overall malformation in cowpeas, accompanied by a 20.40% increase in yield. 【Conclusion】The “trinity, internal and external killing” technique not only challenges the conventional reliance on chemical pesticides, but also effectively suppresses M. usitatus populations, enhances cowpea quality and yield, and provides a valuable theoretical and practical framework for the development of green pest control strategies in other crops.

Key words: cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Megalurothrips usitatus, flower-shaking for abscission promotion, flower-sucking for pest control, physical control, control efficacy

Fig. 1

Population dynamics of M. usitatus on cowpea plants across various growth stages"

Fig. 2

Population numbers of M. usitatus adults (A) and nymphs (B) on the different organs of cowpea plants during the flowering stages"

Fig. 3

Population dynamics of M. usitatus on cowpea plants during different time periods of the same day"

Fig. 4

Temporal dynamics of cowpea flower development from blooming (A) to shedding (B)"

Fig. 5

Dynamics of M. usitatus on cowpea plants following flower shedding at different times and with varying morphologies"

Table 1

Control efficacy of spraying against M. usitatus at different times"

喷药时间
Spraying time		 防治效果Control efficacy (%)
1 d 3 d 5 d
8：00 77.30±3.68a 80.19±2.13a 57.60±5.81a
12：00 10.26±6.55b 9.95±8.43b 9.22±2.58b
18：00 85.71±0.66a 83.44±1.49a 55.62±6.38a
22：00 86.27±1.78a 82.60±1.13a 49.41±4.92a

Fig. 6

Screening of efficient abscission techniques under varying times and methods"

Fig. 7

Screening of efficient flower absorption vectors"

Fig. 8

Effect of flower suction on the population of M. usitatus"

Fig. 9

Effects of the “trinity, internal and external killing” technique on the quality (A) and yield (B) of cowpea"

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