Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (21): 4372-4381.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.21.007

• GREEN CONTROL OF MAJOR COWPEA PESTS AND FUSARIUM WILT: RESEARCH AND PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Acoustic Interference on the Courtship Behavior of Liriomyza sativae

XING GuangTao1,2(), LÜ BaoQian3,4, WU ShengYong1,2, WU JianTao5, ZHOU Ying6, GE Jin7, ZHANG QiKai3,4()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193
    2 National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan
    3 Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101
    4 Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in the Nanfan Area, Sanya 572025, Hainan
    5 Hainan Sugarcane Breeding Station of Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute/ Guangdong Scientific Observation Test Station of Sugarcane Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sanya 572025, Hainan
    6 Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, Hainan
    7 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Beijing 100101
  • Received:2025-04-24 Accepted:2025-06-13 Online:2025-11-01 Published:2025-11-06
  • Contact: ZHANG QiKai

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Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the disruptive effect of acoustic stimuli on the courtship behavior of Liriomyza sativae and its application potential in green pest control. 【Method】Acoustic signals of varying frequencies were emitted by directional loudspeakers. Laser vibrometry coupled with behavioral video recording was employed to measure vibrational responses of cowpea leaves and courtship and mating parameters of L. sativae (latency, frequency, duration, mating success rate). The laboratory population control trial of L. sativae larvae was carried out by using 200 Hz acoustic frequency, and the population density change of L. sativae and effect on cowpea quality (soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C content) were analyzed by setting sound source distance gradient with spatiotemporal dynamic monitoring in the field. 【Result】External acoustic stimulation induced differential leaf vibrational responses, disrupting L. sativae courtship. Cowpea leaves exhibited the strongest vibrational response within 200-300 Hz with peak vibration velocity of ±4 mm·s-1. The 200 Hz frequency significantly prolonged male courtship latency ((15.92±3.99) min vs. control (5.24±1.63) min, P<0.05) and duration ((44.50±2.68) s vs. control (20.22±1.97) s, P<0.05), increased male courtship attempts ((13.20±2.58) times vs. control (5.40±1.21) times, P<0.05), and reduced mating success rate to 20% (control: 60%). Markov chain analysis confirmed greatest behavioral disruption in the mid-frequency band (200-300 Hz), specifically blocking the critical “male courtship→female response” transition pathway. Laboratory trials demonstrated 42.14% larval number reduction under 200 Hz acoustic treatment ((57.67±3.18) individuals vs. control (99.67±9.61) individuals, P<0.05). Field data indicated that with the increase of audio playback time, the mining density in near-source zones (0-25 m) decreased significantly, though efficacy diminished in far-source areas (25-70 m). No significant adverse effects occurred on cowpea quality parameters (soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C content). 【Conclusion】The 200 Hz acoustic frequency disrupts L. sativae courtship signaling by maximizing cowpea leaf vibrations, effectively suppressing mating behavior and population growth without compromising crop quality. This technique provides an innovative perspective for developing environmentally-friendly pest control strategies.

Key words: Liriomyza sativae, acoustic interference, vibration velocity, substrate-borne vibration, courtship behavior, mining density, green pest control

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of cowpea leaf vibration response to acoustic stimulation"

Fig. 2

Schematic diagram of the courtship behavior interference test under acoustic stimulation"

Fig. 3

Resonance response of cowpea leaves to sound stimuli at different frequencies"

Fig. 4

Effects of different acoustic frequencies on courtship behavior of L. sativae"

Fig. 5

Behavioral transition networks of L. sativae courtship under acoustic frequency stimulation"

Fig. 6

Effect of 200 Hz acoustic frequency on larval populations of L. sativae under controlled conditions"

Fig. 7

Spatiotemporal dynamics of L. sativae mining density under 200 Hz acoustic interference in field conditions"

Fig. 8

Effects of 200 Hz acoustic treatment on cowpea biochemical composition at varying distances from the sound source"

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