撕裂蜡孔菌对黄瓜蔓枯病的防治作用及促生增产效果

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.15.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to clarify the effects of Ceriporia lacerata on plant disease control and growth promotion, and to provide a basis for reducing the application of chemical pesticides and fertilizers.【Method】A new self-isolated C. lacerata (fungal strain HG2011) was grown in Bonnet liquid medium and mixture made of vermiculite, maize powder, and rice husk, respectively, to produce culture broth (CLB) and solid inoculant (CLA). CLB and CLA were prepared and conduced to evaluate the effect of C. lacerata on the antagonistic activity against Mycosphaerella melonis, control of gummy stem blight, vegetative growth of cucumber seedlings, yield of cucumbers, soil enzyme activity, and quality of cucumbers with the method of antagonistic assay, confront culture, greenhouse pot experiments, and field experiments, respectively.【Result】In the antagonistic assay, the inhibition rate of 50% CLB against M. melonis was 32.39% in agar medium at the 6th day, which was similar to that of thiophanate methyl (TM). In the confront culture assay, C. lacerata HG2011 inhibited the growth of M. melonis, this antagonistic fungus could cover M. melonis colonies and make the hyphae deformed, shrunken and disappeared. In greenhouse pot experiments, the incidence of pathogen inoculation (PI) treatment was 36.67% and the disease index was 38.40. Compared with PI, CLB could significantly reduce the incidence and disease index of gummy stem blight, and the relative control efficacy was 79.69%, which was also similar to that of TM (75.57%). Compared with single conventional fertilization (CF), the application of CLB could promote the seedling growth, increase the biomass, root activity and chlorophyll content in leaves by 5.87%-21.45%, 36.50%-38.83% and 10.54%-19.80%, respectively. The nutrient uptake by cucumber seedlings increased by 45.24%-69.05% (nitrogen), 20.51%-43.59% (phosphorus), and 19.88%-38.51% (potassium), respectively. The activities of urease, acid phosphatase, catalase, cellulase, dehydrogenase, and protease increased by 8.73%-35.84%, 7.55%-10.74%, 25.32%-26.49%, 186.21%-279.23%, 47.99%-76.51% and 49.00%-100.00%. The effect of high dose (150 mL) CLB treatment was better than that of low dose (75 mL) CLB treatment. In field experiments, application of CLA on the basis of CF (CF+CLA₁₀) increased fruit quantity of plant by 13.61%, yield by 13.87%, and free amino acids content by 71.54%. Application of CLA on the basis of reducing 25% CF (75% CF+CLA₁₀) increased fruit quantity of plant by 11.51%, yield by 11.71%, and free amino acids content by 54.37%. In addition, compared with CF, 75% CF+CLA₁₀ significantly decreased nitrate content by 14.93%. 【Conclusion】 C. lacerata HG2011 strain can inhibit hyphal growth of M. melonis. Spraying CLB can control gummy stem blight, reduce the incidence and disease index, and improve the control efficacy. Pot application of CLB can increase the activity of soil enzyme, promote the absorption of nutrients by cucumber seedlings, and make the healthy growth of cucumber. Field application of CLA can increase the yield of cucumber and the content of free amino acids in fruits, reduce the content of nitrate content and improve the quality, which is beneficial to reduce application and increase efficiency of chemical fertilizer. C. lacerata HG2011 strain can decompose lignin and cellulose, and grow rapidly in crop straw. Composting with this biological agent can both prevent disease and promote growth.

Key words: Ceriporia lacerata, Mycosphaerella melonis, cucumber, gummy stem blight, control efficacy, growth promotion

BAI RuXia,ZENG HuiWen,FAN Qian,YIN Jie,SUI ZongMing,YUAN Ling. Effects of Ceriporia lacerata on Gummy Stem Blight Control, Growth Promotion and Yield Increase of Cucumbers[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(15): 2604-2615.

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References 50

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处理 Treatment	病情指数 Disease index	发病率 Incidence (%)	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)	丙二醛含量 Malondialdehyde content (μmol·g^-1)	相对电导率 Relative electric conductivity (%)
CK	0c	0c	—	3.95±0.03d	100.00±0.58c
PI	38.40±1.11a	36.67±3.33a	0b	8.14±1.37a	148.55±3.79a
TM+PI	9.38±1.20b	10.00±0b	75.57±3.11a	5.47±0.26b	129.48±5.57b
CLB+PI	7.80±0.92b	10.00±3.33b	79.69±2.40a	5.03±0.33c	128.32±6.09b

处理 Treatment	含量 Content (%)			吸收量 Absorption (g/plant)
处理 Treatment	氮N	磷P	钾K	氮N	磷P	钾K
CK	1.36±0.06b	1.34±0.01c	4.86±0.09c	0.30±0.05d	0.30±0.04d	1.10±0.12d
CF	1.46±0.03b	1.35±0.03c	5.57±0.21c	0.42±0.03c	0.39±0.03c	1.61±0.10c
CF+CLB₇₅	1.88±0.10a	1.46±0.04b	5.95±0.12b	0.61±0.03b	0.47±0.06b	1.93±0.25b
CF+CLB₁₅₀	1.94±0.07a	1.52±0.03a	6.27±0.05a	0.71±0.03a	0.56±0.01a	2.23±0.17a

处理 Treatment	单果重 Fruit weight (g)	单株结果数 Fruit quantity of plant	产量 Yield (kg·667 m^-2)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	维生素C Vitamin C (mg·100 g^-1)	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg·100 g^-1)	游离氨基酸 Free amino acid (mg·100 g^-1)	硝酸盐 Nitrate (μg·g^-1)
CK	210.42±14.76b	3.68±0.17c	2709.58±172.18c	2.30±0.08a	7.40±0.46b	98.32±5.88a	54.16±5.12b	59.76±2.24c
CF	241.77±11.21a	6.17±0.13b	5216.28±210.63b	2.66±0.30a	8.29±0.34a	101.57±8.23a	52.36±2.21b	80.20±6.64a
CF+CLA₁₀	241.58±6.98a	7.01±0.29a	5939.75±412.63a	2.69±0.07a	8.59±0.64a	100.60±9.58a	89.82±4.24a	75.11±2.01ab
75% CF+CLA₁₀	233.86±16.79a	6.88±0.31a	5826.92±411.05a	2.66±0.34a	8.71±0.32a	103.77±11.63a	80.83±11.58a	68.23±6.79bc

Effects of Ceriporia lacerata on Gummy Stem Blight Control, Growth Promotion and Yield Increase of Cucumbers

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