宁夏土壤颗粒组成特点及其影响因素分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.21.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics and influencing factors of soil particle composition in Ningxia, so as to provide the scientific reference for local land use and agricultural production planning.【Method】Based on the soil particle composition test data at 114 sites in Ningxia, the effects of environmental factors on soil particle composition, the statistical characteristics of soil particle composition, soil texture type, particle size of soil control layer, and the spatial distribution characteristics of soil particle composition were studied.【Result】(1) The content of sand, silt and clay in Ningxia soil were 2.4%-97.2%, 0.8%-86.0% and 0.7%-43.3%, respectively, and the average content were 34.9%, 49.6% and 15.5%, respectively; Soil texture was mainly composed of silty loam (46.5%), sandy loam (17.6%) and loam (13.3%), and the variation of soil texture types was mainly attributed to the change of sand and silt content. (2) A number of environmental factors jointly affect the soil particle composition in Ningxia, and the influential factors were geomorphic factors, parental material type factors, small topographic factors, thermal factors, soil type factors, land use type factors and wind speed factors in turn from large to small. (3) There were 11 types of particle sizes in the control interval, among which loamy (46.5%), clay (19.3%) and sandy (16.7%) were the main ones. (4) It was difficult to develop argic horizon in Ningxia. Among 114 sections, 26 clay particles were consistent with cohesive layer, but only 2 were exact argic horizon. (5) Siltigic epipedon of Ningxia produced obvious texture differentation.【Conclusion】The soil particle composition in Ningxia was mainly sand and silt, while landform and parental material were the most important factors affecting the particle composition.

Key words: soil particle composition, factor analysis, soil texture, diagnosis of argic horizon, siltigic epipedon, Ningxia

ZHOU Lei, QU XiaoLin, ZHOU Tao, MA ChangBao, LI JianBing, LONG HuaiYu, XU AiGuo, ZHANG RenLian, LI Ge. Analysis of the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil Particle Composition in Ningxia[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(21): 4272-4287.

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土壤层次 Soil layer	粒级 Soil particle	样本数 Sample number	最小值 Minimum (%)	最大值 Maximum (%)	平均值 Mean (%)	标准差 Standard deviation (%)	极差 Range (%)	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	变异系数 CV (%)	K-S检验P值 K-S P value
A	砂粒Sand	114	2.4	97.2	40.3	24.23	94.80	0.42	-0.94	60.17	0.11
	粉粒Silt	114	0.8	86.0	46.0	19.22	85.20	-0.31	-0.40	41.83	0.08
	黏粒Clay	114	1.2	43.3	13.8	9.98	42.10	1.04	0.35	72.42	0.16
B	砂粒Sand	102	3.9	96.3	34.3	20.90	92.40	1.07	0.70	61.02	0.12
	粉粒Silt	102	2.5	78.6	50.3	17.21	76.10	-0.82	0.24	34.19	0.09
	黏粒Clay	102	0.7	39.7	15.4	9.22	39.00	0.70	-0.09	59.75	0.13

土壤层次 Soil layer	粒级 Soil particle	理论模型 Theoretical model	块金值 Block gold value (C0)	偏基台值 Partial abutment value（C）	基台值 Abutment value (C0+C)	空间相关度 Spatial relevance C0/(C0+C)	主变程 Main variable range
A	砂粒Sand	指数模型 Exponential models	395.69	232.86	628.55	0.63	0.57
	粉粒 Silt	稳定模型 Stable models	140.04	243.07	383.11	0.37	1.05
	黏粒 Clay	三角函数 Trigonometric function	78.73	20.04	98.77	0.80	0.45
B	砂粒 Sand	稳定模型 Stable models	280.95	193.77	474.72	0.59	1.57
	粉粒 Silt	指数函数 Exponential models	229.39	85.55	314.94	0.73	1.92
	黏粒 Clay	三角函数 Trigonometric function	39.77	33.74	73.51	0.54	0.53

土壤层次 Soil layer	母质类型 Parental material type	样本数 Sample number	砂粒 Sand (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	黏粒 Clay (%)
A	黄土母质Aeolian parent material	50	40.75a	48.49ab	10.76b
	水运积母质 Alluvial and lacustrine parent materials	34	47.28a	40.58b	12.14b
	坡、残积母质 Slope and residual parent material	15	42.06a	43.73ab	14.21b
	灌淤母质 Irrigation silting parent material	12	17.23b	53.89a	28.88a
B	黄土母质Aeolian parent material	47	34.63ab	53.31a	12.05b
	水运积母质 Alluvial and lacustrine parent materials	29	38.59a	45.45a	15.95b
	坡、残积母质 Slope and residual parent material	10	32.09ab	51.24a	16.66b
	灌淤母质 Irrigation silting parent material	12	21.05b	52.67a	26.28a

土壤层次 Soil layer	土壤类型 Soil group	样本数 Sample number	砂粒 Sand (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	黏粒 Clay (%)
A	灰钙土Sierozems	31	52.45b	38.97b	8.59de
	黄绵土Loessial soils	20	29.78c	58.60ab	11.63bcde
	灌淤土Irrigation silting soils	12	17.23c	53.89ab	28.88a
	灰褐土Gray-cinnamon soils	10	26.71c	54.05ab	19.24b
	潮土Fluvo-aquic soils	9	34.91bc	48.72ab	16.37bcd
	黑垆土Black loessial soils	6	24.20c	65.10a	10.70cde
	风沙土Aeolian sandy soil	5	77.61a	18.50c	3.89e
	盐土 Solonchak	4	28.45c	54.27ab	17.28bc
B	灰钙土Sierozems	30	31.35ab	55.98a	12.68bc
	黄绵土Loessial soils	20	34.07ab	51.54a	14.41abc
	灌淤土Irrigation silting soils	12	26.89b	50.68a	22.45a
	灰褐土Gray-cinnamon soils	10	38.38ab	49.10a	12.51bc
	潮土Fluvo-aquic soils	8	34.00ab	44.80a	21.25ab
	黑垆土Black loessial soils	6	45.02ab	43.72a	11.27c
	风沙土Aeolian sandy soil	4	52.30a	37.45a	10.28c
	盐土Solonchak	4	28.58ab	51.55a	19.83abc

土壤层次 Soil layer	地貌 Landforms	样本数 Sample number	砂粒含量 Sand (%)	粉粒含量 Silt (%)	黏粒含量 Clay (%)
A	平原Plain	42	38.85ab	43.78ab	17.37a
	丘陵Hill	18	50.39a	40.98ab	8.63b
	山地Mountain land	41	34.62b	53.05a	12.33ab
	风蚀地貌Wind-erosion landform	10	52.45a	35.54b	12.02ab
B	平原Plain	37	31.47b	48.80ab	19.73a
	丘陵Hill	19	50.39a	40.28b	9.33b
	山地Mountain land	37	27.41b	58.30a	14.29ab
	风蚀地貌Wind-erosion landform	5	36.97ab	48.05ab	14.99ab

Analysis of the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil Particle Composition in Ningxia

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土壤层次 Soil layers	地形部位 Terrain	样本数 Sample number	砂粒 Sand (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	黏粒 Clay (%)
A	坡地Slope-land	59	41.54a	47.11a	11.34a
A	平地Flat ground	52	39.07a	44.74a	16.18a
B	坡地Slope-land	52	35.75a	51.02a	13.23a
B	平地Flat ground	46	31.78a	50.33a	17.90a

土壤层次 Soil layer	土地利用方式 Land use pattern	样本数 Sample number	砂粒 Sand (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	黏粒 Clay (%)
A	耕地Farmland	26	26.67a	50.68a	22.65a
	荒地Wasteland	82	45.04a	44.41a	10.54b
	林地Forestland	3	31.92a	49.09a	18.99ab
B	耕地Farmland	26	26.48a	51.26a	22.26a
	荒地Wasteland	70	36.46a	50.69a	12.85b
	林地Forestland	2	40.10a	43.61a	16.29ab

土壤层次 Soil layer	皮尔逊相关性 Pearson correlation	H (m)	E (mm)	AT (℃)	SH (h)	RH (%)	R (mm)	D (d)	AAD (d)	AAT (℃)	WV (m.s^-1)
A	砂粒含量Sand (%)	-0.13	0.33**	0.19*	0.30**	-0.30**	-0.26**	0.15	0.20*	0.20*	0.06
	粉粒含量Silt (%)	0.22*	-0.33**	-0.26**	-0.32**	0.28**	0.30**	-0.24**	-0.29**	-0.27**	0.06
	黏粒含量Clay (%)	-0.1	-0.18	0.04	-0.13	0.21*	0.05	0.1	0.03	0.03	-0.28**
B	砂粒含量Sand (%)	-0.24*	0.38**	0.29**	0.39**	-0.32**	-0.36**	0.30**	0.27**	0.30**	0.02
	粉粒含量Silt (%)	0.37**	-0.34**	-0.38**	-0.40**	0.27**	0.42**	-0.43**	-0.37**	-0.40**	0.17
	黏粒含量Clay (%)	-0.15	-0.20*	0.08	-0.14	0.24*	0.04	0.13	0.1	0.07	-0.38**

初始特征值Initial eigenvalue		提取载荷平方和Extract the sum of squares of the loads
成分 Constituent	总计 Total	方差百分比 Percentage of variance	累积 Cumulative (%)	总计 Total	方差百分比 Percentage of variance	累积 Cumulative (%)
1	7.59	75.88	75.88	7.59	75.88	75.88
2	2.01	20.07	95.95	2.01	20.07	95.95
3	0.33	3.25	99.20
4	0.08	0.80	100.00

成分矩阵 Component matrix	成分1 Constituents1	成分2 Constituents 2
年≥10 ℃的平均天数The average number of days ≥10 ℃ per year	0.988	-0.145
降水量Precipitation	-0.979	-0.155
年均温Average annual temperature	0.969	-0.226
年≥10 ℃积温平均值The average accumulated temperature of the annual≥10 ℃	0.964	-0.208
干燥度Dryness	0.956e	-0.093
海拔Elevation	-0.923	0.366
年日照时数Annual sunshine hours	0.919	0.366
蒸发量Evaporation	0.787	0.591
相对湿度Relative humidity	-0.543	-0.796
风速Wind velocity	-0.509	0.780

土壤层次 Soil layer	皮尔逊相关性 Pearson correlation	热量因素 Heat factor	风速因素 Wind speed factor
A	砂粒平均含量 Average sand content	0.25**	0.21*
	粉粒平均含量 Average silt content	-0.35**	-0.10
	黏粒平均含量 Average clay content	0.06	-0.31**
B	砂粒平均含量 Average sand content	-0.11	-0.27**
	粉粒平均含量 Average silt content	-0.03	0.32**
	黏粒平均含量 Average clay content	0.30**	0.01

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