减量施磷对土壤磷库组成及解磷微生物的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.15.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of continuous reduction of phosphorus fertilizer application on soil phosphorus components and phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms were studied, and the transformation law of soil phosphorus was explored to provide a theoretical basis for rational application of phosphorus fertilizer and efficient utilization of phosphorus in soil. 【Method】 In 2014, the phosphorus reduction positioning test was carried out in Longmen Town, Mianyang, Sichuan province. The test set 4 treatments, namely P0 (no phosphorus fertilizer), P1 (1/2 reduction, 45 kg·hm^-2), P2 (1/3 reduction, 60 kg·hm^-2), and P3 (normal fertilization, 90 kg·hm^-2), and 0-20 cm soil samples were collected to measure and analyze soil total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), and phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC), phosphorus fractions and the change characteristics of phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms. 【Result】 Reducing the application of phosphorus fertilizer significantly reduced the TP content of the soil; compared with 2014, after 3 years of continuous treatment, the TP content under P0 and P1 treatments decreased by 7.2% and 0.9%, respectively, however, which under P2 and P3 treatments increased by 2.6% and 7.3%, respectively; after 6 years of continuous treatment, the TP difference between treatments was further expanded: compared with 6 years ago, the TP under P0 and P1 treatments decreased by 15.2% and 5.7%, respectively, which under the P2 and P3 treatments increased by 7.8% and 21.6%, respectively. The variation trend of AP content was similar to that of TP. After continuous treatment for 3 years, the content of AP under P0 treatment decreased by 18.1%, while that under P1, P2, and P3 treatments increased by 21.2%, 72.2%, and 132.1%, respectively; compared with 6 years ago, the AP variation of each treatment expanded to -24.6%-201.6% after continuous treatment for 6 years. The PAC was determined by the content of AP and TP, and its variation trend was generally consistent with that of AP. Reducing the application of phosphorus fertilizer mainly caused a significant decrease in the content of H₂O-P, NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi, but had no significant effect on Residual-P. Among them, NaOH-Pi was the main phosphorus form that caused the change of soil TP content, and NaHCO₃-Pi was the most critical phosphorus fraction in the process of soil phosphorus activation. There were differences in the abundance of phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms in different phosphorus fertilizer treatments. Redundancy analysis results showed that Nocardioides, Mycobacterium, Bacillus, Hyphomicrobium and Rhizobium were positively correlated with each form of phosphorus, among which, the genus Hyphthora was highly correlated with NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi. 【Conclusion】 The reduction of phosphorus fertilizer significantly changed the composition of soil phosphorus pool, and the changes of soil AP and TP were mainly affected by the changes of NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi. There were significant differences in the abundance of soil phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms after 6 years of continuous reduction of phosphorus fertilizer, and the genus Hyphomicrobium was the key microorganism involved in the transformation of phosphorus in the experimental area. Reducing the application of 1/3 phosphorus fertilizer for 6 consecutive years could effectively reduce the accumulation of slow-release phosphorus in the soil in this experimental area while maintaining a high level of available phosphorus.

Key words: reducing phosphate fertilizer, phosphorus fractions, phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, phosphorus changes, phosphorus availability

SHEN KaiQin, LIU Qian, YANG GuoTao, CHEN Hong, LIANG Cheng, LAI Peng, LI Chong, WANG XueChun, HU YunGao. Effects of Phosphorus Reduction on Soil Phosphorus Pool Composition and Phosphorus Solubilizing Microorganisms[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(15): 2941-2953.

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施肥年限 Fertilization years	处理 Treatment	高活性磷含量 Labile phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)			中活性磷含量 Moderately labile phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)		低活性磷含量 Stable phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)
施肥年限 Fertilization years	处理 Treatment	H₂O-P	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaHCO₃-Po	NaOH-Pi	NaOH-Po	HCl-P	Residual-P
连续施肥3年后 After 3 years	P0	10.35±1.27f	20.34±0.86f	17.52±0.88d	102.17±3.47e	48.65±2.37a	223.17±4.67ab	154.97±1.04a
	P1	20.79±0.94e	28.68±2.86de	26.49±0.44ab	116.28±8.08d	48.70±3.42a	227.27±4.91a	151.28±2.95a
	P2	24.41±1.47d	31.29±1.73cd	27.15±0.92ab	129.73±9.62c	48.73±1.91a	226.82±6.45a	153.47±1.67a
	P3	31.57±2.94b	33.66±1.58c	27.17±1.13ab	147.36±4.29b	48.62±1.10a	227.95±7.36a	154.62±0.96a
连续施肥6年后 After 6 years	P0	6.62±0.78g	19.21±0.78f	10.77±0.50e	94.39±4.40e	37.68±1.64b	206.88±8.79c	154.68±0.79a
	P1	21.38±1.92e	26.01±1.82e	21.97±1.84c	101.25±2.81e	48.97±0.43a	216.96±1.23b	153.37±1.56a
	P2	27.43±2.68c	47.95±0.77b	25.83±1.62b	150.95±6.73b	48.66±0.77a	218.97±2.85b	154.49±4.30a
	P3	42.24±1.36a	65.83±3.67a	28.20±1.90a	191.94±5.97a	49.37±0.75a	226.73±3.18a	156.13±2.92a
F value	P	282.61**	342.93**	130.65**	314.11**	1.01	10.96**	2.52
	Y	14.19**	247.81**	28.73**	34.74**	0.79	33.57**	0.01
	P×Y	18.57**	132.64**	10.14**	56.69**	14.50**	4.11*	0.92

Effects of Phosphorus Reduction on Soil Phosphorus Pool Composition and Phosphorus Solubilizing Microorganisms

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处理 Treatment	油菜季 Rapeseed season (kg P₂O₅·hm^-2)	水稻季 Rice season (kg P₂O₅·hm^-2)
P0	0	60
P1	45	60
P2	60	60
P3	90	60