新疆早熟陆地棉品种更替过程中的株型特征及 主要经济性状的演变

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.19.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This paper analyzed the evolution trend of plant type characteristics and main economic traits in the process of improving the yield of early-maturing upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Xinjiang, combined with the demand for the characteristics of cultivars in the development of machine-harvested cotton, and explained the changes of suitable machine-harvesting characteristics in cultivar replacement. It provides a theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation management of new cotton varieties in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Large-scale main cultivars (Xinluzao 1, Xinluzao 7, Xinluzao 13, and Xinluzao 45) were used as experimental materials under mulched drip irrigation condition. A total of eleven plant type characters and the evolution of major economic traits were analyzed, including the eleven plant type characters of the length of the first fruit node, inter-node length of fruit branch, ratio of fruit node/fruit branch, plant height, node of first fruit branch, height of first fruit branch, the angle between fruit branch and main stem, the number of fruit branches, the number of vegetative branches, width of the fourth leaf from the top, and stem diameter. 【Result】 With the cotton cultivar replacing, the length of the first fruit node, inter-node length of fruit branch, and the ratio of fruit node/fruit branch increased gradually. The plant type changed from compact to loose. Plant height, node of first fruit branch, and height of first fruit branch increased gradually. The angle between fruit branch and main stem of upper-canopy was gradually reduced, and the fruit branch was lifted, which has high plant-type characteristics. According to the requirements of cotton machine harvesting characteristics. It shows that 2010s cultivars had plant type characters with high yield. The length of the first fruit node and the angle between fruit branch and main stem of 2010s cultivars was more in line with the requirements of machine-harvested cotton. There was no significant differences in number of fruit branches, number of vegetative branches, width of the fourth leaf from the top, and stem diameter among cultivars of different ages. The lint yield, total boll number, and lint percentage increased gradually with the cotton cultivar replacing. The lint yield of the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s was 23%-53%, 16%-20%, 13%-14%, and -2%-6% higher than the yield of regional experiment year. The modern high-yield cultivation techniques under mulched drip irrigation plays an important role on yield improvement. However, the harvest index of 2000s and 2010s cultivars were significantly lower than the 1990s cultivars. Compared with the 1980s and 1990s cultivars, the upper boll period of the 2010s cultivars was reduced 4-5 days, the boll opening were relatively concentrate, sensitive to defoliant. There was no significant difference in boll opening rate, and they were greater than 95%. But the growth period was longer. Compared with the growth period of the trial cultivars, the 1980s and 1990s cultivars were advanced by 3-7 days, and the 2000s and 2010s cultivars were advanced by 0-3 days. This may be related to the application of the technique of precocious cultivation under mulched drip irrigation. The fiber length, fiber strength, elongation, and fiber spinning consistency index of 2000s and 2010s cultivars improved obviously. But the Micronaire was relatively large. The improvement of fiber strength was at the expense of fiber fineness, and the fiber quality coordination was not good. 【Conclusion】 During the process of increasing yield of cotton cultivar replacement, economic characteristics of cotton improved, but the increasing yield of plant type changed from compact to loose, with long growth period, low harvest index, and large Micronaire. With the application of the machine-harvesting mode, the breeding and selection of cultivars with excellent fiber quality and suitable machine-harvesting are the key to ensuring the steady development of the cotton industry Xinjiang.

Key words: early-maturing cotton, cultivar renew, plant type characters, fiber quality, machine-harvest

CHEN MinZhi,YANG YanLong,WANG YuXuan,TIAN JingShan,XU ShouZhen,LIU NingNing,DANG Ke,ZHANG WangFeng. Plant Type Characteristics and Evolution of Main Economic Characters in Early Maturing Upland Cotton Cultivar Replacement in Xinjiang[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(19): 3279-3290.

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References 39

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品种年代 Decade	品种名称 Cultivar	区域试验产量 Yield of regional experiment (kg·hm^-2)	生育期 Days to maturity (d)	审定时间 Year of release	品种大面积应用时间 Year of main use of cultivar	推广面积 Cultivated area (hm²)
1980s	新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1	1233	124	1978	1983—1994	>30×10⁴ in 1991
1990s	新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7	1563	125	1997	1995—2002	>21×10⁴ in 2000
2000s	新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13	1925	121	2002	2003—2007	>20×10⁴ in 2004
2010s	新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45	2295	128	2010	2011—2015	>53×10⁴ in 2012-2014

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	出苗期 Seeding stage (M/D)	现蕾期 Squaring stage (M/D)	开花期 Flowering stage (M/D)	盛铃期 Full bolling stage (M/D)	吐絮期 Boll opening stage (M/D)	苗期Seedling period (d)	蕾期 Bud period (d)	花铃期 Flower boll period (d)	生育期 Days to maturity (d)
2015	新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1	4/25	6/1	6/27	7/10	8/23	37	26	57	120
	新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7	4/26	5/31	6/25	7/8	8/20	35	25	56	116
	新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13	4/26	6/2	6/27	7/10	8/21	37	25	55	117
	新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45	4/25	6/2	6/29	7/12	8/27	38	27	59	124
2016	新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1	4/27	6/6	6/28	7/13	8/27	40	22	60	122
	新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7	4/27	6/6	6/25	7/10	8/21	40	19	57	116
	新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13	4/27	6/9	6/30	7/17	8/26	43	21	57	121
	新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45	4/26	6/9	6/30	7/17	8/30	44	21	61	126
2018	新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1	4/29	6/10	6/29	-	8/30	41	19	62	122
	新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7	4/30	6/10	6/28	-	8/31	40	18	64	122
	新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13	4/30	6/10	6/28	-	9/2	40	18	66	124
	新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45	4/29	6/11	6/30	-	9/2	42	19	64	125

指标Variable	2015	2016	2018
株高Plant height	**	**	**
始节高度Height of first fruit branch	**	**	**
果枝始节位Node of first fruit branch	**	**	ns
第一果节长度Length of the first fruit node	*	**	ns
果枝节间长度Inter-node length of fruit branch	**	**	**
果枝角度Angle between fruit branch with main stem	*	-	*
节枝比Ratio of fruit node/fruit branch	*	*	*
倒四叶宽Width of the fourth leaf from the top	ns	ns	-
果枝数Number of fruit branches	**	ns	ns
叶枝数Number of vegetative branches	ns	*	ns
茎粗Stem diameter	-	-	ns

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	总铃数 Boll number (×10⁴/hm²)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index
2015	新陆早1号Xinluzao 1	88.6±1.4c	5.42±0.03ab	39.4±0.6b	1892±59c	0.42±0.02c
	新陆早7号Xinluzao 7	81.0±1.4d	5.62±0.22a	41.5±0.5a	1882±56c	0.55±0.01a
	新陆早13号Xinluzao 13	102.6±1.4b	5.12±0.10b	42.0±0.8a	2204±74b	0.46±0.01b
	新陆早45号Xinluzao 45	106.4±3.1a	5.34±0.24ab	42.5±0.7a	2436±86a	0.44±0.02bc
	P	**	*	**	**	**
2016	新陆早1号Xinluzao 1	80.9±1.3b	5.32±0.09b	36.6±1.1c	1518±34c	0.32±0.00b
	新陆早7号Xinluzao 7	97.6±2.5a	4.83±0.11c	39.1±0.0b	1807±41b	0.41±0.00a
	新陆早13号Xinluzao 13	104.1±4.8a	5.56±0.11a	41.6±0.2a	2174±48a	0.29±0.02c
	新陆早45号Xinluzao 45	98.9±4.2a	5.70±0.11a	42.0±1.0a	2255±83a	0.30±0.01bc
	P	**	**	**	**	**
2018	新陆早1号Xinluzao 1	94.1±4.6b	4.66±0.22c	36.0±0.8c	1580±78d	0.27±0.01b
	新陆早7号Xinluzao 7	96.9±5.3b	5.35±0.29b	37.4±0.4b	1938±106c	0.33±0.04a
	新陆早13号Xinluzao 13	113.7±13.1a	5.27±0.22b	40.0±0.7a	2398±275ab	0.27±0.02b
	新陆早45号Xinluzao 45	113.5±11.5a	5.54±0.21a	39.7±0.5a	2498±253a	0.31±0.02a
	P	**	**	**	**	*

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	纤维长度 Fiber length (mm)	比强度 Fiber strength (cN·tex^-1)	马克隆值 Micronaire	纤维整齐度 Fiber uniformity (%)	伸长率 Elongation	纺纱一致性指数 Fiber spinning consistency index
2015	新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1	28.4±0.6b	28.5±0.3b	3.93±0.27c	85.4±0.8a	7.30±0.26a	135.7±6.0ab
	新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7	28.7±0.5ab	24.4±0.4c	4.31±0.26b	83.8±0.8a	6.07±0.46b	121.0±2.6b
	新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13	29.6±0.4a	31.7±2.0a	4.65±0.06ab	85.4±0.7a	7.73±0.32a	145.0±7.8a
	新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45	29.2±0.5ab	30.9±0.1a	4.76±0.11a	83.2±2.3a	7.90±0.62a	136.7±17.7ab
	P	ns	**	**	ns	**	ns
2016	新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1	30.1±0.5ab	27.2±1.7b	3.77±0.31a	85.7±0.7ab	8.00±0.10b	149.3±3.1bc
	新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7	29.2±0.2b	27.9±0.7b	3.90±0.53a	84.0±1.9b	7.67±0.76b	139.0±7.9c
	新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13	28.9±1.1b	30.8±0.5a	4.03±0.23a	85.4±1.1ab	9.23±0.67a	153.3±3.2ab
	新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45	31.1±0.4a	31.4±0.8a	4.20±0.20a	86.7±1.5a	9.63±0.15a	164.0±7.8a
	P	*	**	ns	ns	**	**
2018	新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1	28.8±0.1c	31.7±1.5ab	4.07±0.18b	83.4±1.0a	6.76±0.02d	-
	新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7	29.6±0.6b	29.7±1.1b	4.16±0.30b	84.4±0.0a	6.80±0.00c	-
	新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13	29.7±0.5ab	32.1±0.4a	4.69±0.08a	84.4±0.2a	6.84±0.02b	-
	新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45	30.5±0.1a	32.7±1.2a	4.09±0.07b	84.1±0.5a	6.88±0.02a	-
	P	**	ns	**	ns	**	-

Plant Type Characteristics and Evolution of Main Economic Characters in Early Maturing Upland Cotton Cultivar Replacement in Xinjiang

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