Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (18): 3207-3217.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.013

• Standard and Evaluation Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Advances in Research on Physiological Functions of Vitamin K1 and Its Detection Methods in Agricultural Products

XU YueQing,WANG DanDan,ZHAO XinNan,YU Li,WANG XiuPin,ZHANG LiangXiao(),ZHANG Qi,ZHANG Wen,LI PeiWu()   

  1. Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062
  • Received:2019-03-20 Accepted:2019-06-18 Online:2019-09-16 Published:2019-09-23
  • Contact: LiangXiao ZHANG,PeiWu LI E-mail:zhanglx@caas.cn;peiwuli@oilcrops.cn

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Abstract:

Agricultural products are rich in nutrients, which play important roles in maintaining the normal metabolism and physiological functions of human beings. Vitamin K1 is widely found in agricultural products such as green vegetables and oilseeds. As a fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin K1 plays indispensable roles in daily diet and draws more and more attentions. The recent researches showed that vitamin K1 in agricultural products had the physiological functions including not only promoting normal blood coagulation, preventing bleeding disorders in newborn babies, but also inhibiting cancer, preventing vascular calcification, participating in bone metabolism, inhibiting diabetic cataract, and treating acute and chronic hepatitis. Since vitamin K1 is sensitive to oxidation, alkali, strong acid and ultraviolet radiation, it is necessary to conduct pre-treatment methods, including saponification, enzymatic hydrolysis, organic solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and purification and solid-phase extraction method with good effect. With the advantages and disadvantages of different pre-treatment methods, it is necessary to select a suitable pre-treatment method according to real samples. Meanwhile, vitamin K1 was mainly detected by fluorescence spectrophotometry, liquid chromatography, liquid chromatographic mass spectrometry and other methods. An accurate, efficient and rapid detection method is also a hot research topic. This review summarized the pretreatment and detection methods of vitamin K1 in different agricultural products in recent years. Finally, the trends and prospect of vitamin K1 detection methods were proposed as follows (1) developing green solvent to improve extraction efficiency; (2) developing extraction materials to improve extraction selectivity and recovery rate; (3) Establishing simultaneous detection methods of vitamin K1 and other nutrient functional components in agricultural products. This review systematically summarized the research progress of the physiological functions and detection methods of vitamin K1 in agricultural products, and aimed to promote the in-depth study of nutrients in agricultural products and comparisons of advantages and disadvantages of pretreatment and detection methods.

Key words: agricultural products, Vitamin K1, physiological function, pretreatment, detection method

Table 1

Pretreatment and detection techniques for vitamin K1 in agricultural products and food"

前处理方法
Pretreatment method		 检测技术
Detection Technology		 样品
Sample		 优点
Advantage		 缺点
Disadvantage		 参考文献
References
有机溶剂（丙酮、石油醚）提取,氧化铝柱净化
Extraction of organic solvents (acetone, petroleum ether), purification by alumina column		 HPLC 小葱、小白菜等
Shallots, Chinese cabbage, etc.		 特异性强,分离效果好,基线稳定。灵敏、精密度高,分析速度快
Strong specificity, good separation and stable baseline. High sensitivity and precision, fast analysis		 前处理时间长且处理过程复杂
Long pre-processing time and complicated processing		 [12]
固相萃取
Solid phase extraction		 HPLC 豆油、黄豆等
Soybean oil, soybeans, etc.		 SPE柱对样品的富集和净化效果好,操作简便
The SPE column has good enrichment and purification effect on the sample and is easy to operate.		 回收率偏低,有机溶剂用量大
Low recovery rate and large amount of organic solvent		 [72]
酶解法,皂化法
Enzymatic hydrolysis, saponification		 HPLC 小米、大米、玉米、面粉、麦片
Millet, rice, corn, flour, cereal		 分离效果好,基线稳定,精密度和准确度高
Good separation, stable baseline, high precision and accuracy		 维生素K1遇碱易分解,皂化处理容易破坏样品中的维生素K1
Vitamin K1 is easily decomposed by alkali, and saponification treatment easily destroys vitamin K1 in the sample		 [52]
超临界萃取精馏塔提取
Supercritical extraction distillation column extraction		 HPLC 维生素K1粗品
Vitamin K1 crude		 步骤简单,无溶剂残留
Simple steps, no solvent residue		 仪器设备昂贵
Expensive equipment		 [57]
三氯甲烷提取
Chloroform extraction		 反相HPLC
Reversed phase
HPLC		 刺儿菜
Stinger		 操作简便,分析速度快
Easy to operate, fast analysis		 使用大量溶剂,溶剂回收成本高,样品未经净化或净化不完全
The use of a large amount of solvent, solvent recovery cost is high, the sample is not purified or incomplete purification		 [54]
丙醇﹕正己烷（3﹕2）提取,SPE柱净化
Propanol﹕n-hexane (3﹕2) extraction, SPE column purification		 GC-MS 西兰花
Broccoli		 提取效果好,检测速度快
Good extraction and fast detection		 有机溶剂用量多,仪器昂贵
Large amount of organic solvent, expensive instrument		 [73]
甲醇﹕水（2﹕8）
Methanol﹕water (2﹕8)		 紫外光诱导荧光检测
Ultraviolet light induced fluorescence detection		 血清
Serum		 前处理简单,有机试剂用量少
Simple pretreatment and low dosage of organic reagents		 某些荧光持续时间短,因此实验速度要快
Some fluorescences have a short duration, so the experiment is faster		 [13]
异丙醇和正己烷提取,中
性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化
Isopropanol and n-hexane extraction, neutral alumina column solid phase extraction purification		 HPLC-MS/MS 四季豆、茄子、草莓等31种水果蔬菜
31 kinds of fruits and vegetables such as green beans, eggplant and strawberries		 HPLC-MS/MS具有更高的选择性和灵敏度,净化效果好,直接测定
HPLC-MS/MS has higher selectivity and sensitivity, and the purification effect is good		 分析步骤繁琐,精密度不高,仪器设备昂贵
The analysis steps are cumbersome, the precision is not high, and the equipment is expensive		 [50]
异丙醇和正己烷提取,中
性氧化铝柱净化
Isopropanol and n-hexane extraction, neutral alumina column purification		 HPLC-MS/MS 菠菜、莲藕、葡萄
Spinach, lotus root, grapes		 基线稳定,灵敏、精密度高,分析速度快
Stable baseline, sensitive, high precision, fast analysis		 前处理时间长且处理过程复杂
Long pre-processing time and complicated processing		 [71]
正庚烷﹕乙酸乙酯（4﹕1）萃取,固相萃取柱净化
N-heptane﹕ethyl acetate (4﹕1) extraction, solid phase extraction column purification		 LC-APCI-MS/MS 菠菜、豌豆、苹果、香蕉、甜菜根和蘑菇
Spinach, peas, apples, bananas, beetroots and mushrooms		 提取和净化效果好,回收率高,重现性好
Good extraction and purification, high recovery rate and good reproducibility		 固相萃取柱成本较高
Solid phase extraction cartridges cost more		 [66]
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