Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (18): 3122-3133.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.005

• Basic Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Promoting the Development of Nutritionally-Guided Agriculture in Research and Development of Selenium-Enriched Agri-Products in China

TANG ChaoHua1,2,ZHAO QingYu 1,2,ZHANG Kai 1,2,LI Shuang 1,2,QIN YuChang 1,ZHANG JunMin 1,2()   

  1. 1. Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193
    2. Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2019-01-29 Accepted:2019-08-03 Online:2019-09-16 Published:2019-09-23

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Abstract:

Nutrition is the guarantee of health. The global burden of disease study in 2016 showed that the disease burden caused by dietary factors accounted for 15.9%, which has become an important risk factor affecting the health of people. In recent years, the nutritional and health status of Chinese residents has been improved significantly, but still faces the coexistence of malnutrition and supernutrition, and the frequent occurrence of nutrition-related diseases. Nutrition and health have become the mainstream demands of food consumption in China. The basic goal of agricultural production is to meet the needs of residents' food consumption. As the biggest supply side of food consumption, the main contradiction in China's agriculture at the present stage has changed from numeric to structural. How to satisfy the people's desire for high-quality food and meet the needs of nutrition and health has become the first issue for agriculture structural reform and modernization. Therefore, promoting the production of nutritious and high-quality agricultural products is an important way to realize the reform of agriculture supply side and to meet the needs of healthy food consumption. Selenium, a key antioxidant component of organisms, its intake is insufficient in Chinese people according to the latest National Nutrition and Health Monitoring Program. Thus, the development of selenium-enriched agricultural products is important for health. In this article, we reviewed the basic information of selenium nutrition concerning the Chinese population, the dose-dependent function of selenium, and the development of selenium-enriched agricultural foods, and also provided some suggestions for selenium-enriched industry development, which might promote the development of nutritionally-guided agriculture. As one of the most important components of nutritional and healthy food development, the application of scientific concepts of consumption, the building of whole-chain production, monitoring and product standard establishment for selenium-enriched agricultural foods are critical for nutritionally-guided agriculture, which will meet the public demand for nutrition and health and also lead to a better life.

Key words: selenium, agricultural products, nutritionally-guided agriculture, nutrition and health

Table 1

Recommended selenium intake for different populations by some countries"

年龄
Age		 德国、奥地利
Germany, Austria		 北欧国家
Nordic countries		 新西兰、澳大利亚
New Zealand, Australia		 美国
America		 英国
United Kingdom		 年龄
Age		 中国
China
RDA UL RDA UL RDA UL RDI UL RDA UL EAR RNI UL
婴儿a
（月）
Babyb (Month)		 0—3 10 — 45 15 45 10 0— — 15b 55
4—6 15 15 13 0.5— — 20b 80
约7—12 15 15 20 60 10 1— 20 25 100
儿童
（年）
Children
(Year)		 1—2 15 20 25 90 20 90 15 4— 25 30 150
2—4 15 25 25 90 20 90 15 7— 35 40 200
约4—8 20 30 30 150 30 150 20 11—（男, Male） 45 55 300
约8—10 30 30 50 280 40 280 30 11—（女, Female）
约10—13 43 40 50 280 40 280 45 14—（男, Male） 50 60 350
约13—15 60 60 70 400 55 400 45 14—（女, Female）
男性
(Male)		 15—18 70 70 400 55 400 70 18— 50 60 400
18—70 70 400 60 300 70 400 55 400 75 450 50—
>70 70 400 60 300 70 400 55 400 75 450
女性
(Female)		 15—18 60 50 60 55 60 18— 50 60 400
18—70 60 400 50 300 60 400 55 400 60 450 50—
70+ 60 400 50 300 60 400 55 400 60 450
妊娠期Pregnancy 60 60 65 400 60 400 孕妇 Pregnancy 54 65 400
哺乳期 Nursing 75 60 75 400 70 400 75 乳母 Nursing 65 78 400

Table 2

Selenium contents in some major food in China (μg/100 g edible part)"

动物性食物
Animal food		 硒含量[13]
Se content		 植物性食物
Plant food		 硒含量[12]
Se content
猪肉（肥瘦）Pork 11.97 小麦Wheat 4.05
牛肉（瘦）Beef 10.55 小麦粉Wheatmeal 7.10
羊肉（肥瘦）Mutton 32.20 稻米Rice 2.83
鸡蛋黄Egg yolk 27.01 玉米（鲜）Maize (raw) 1.63
猪肝Pig’s liver 19.21 大麦Barley 9.80
猪肾脏Pig’s kidney 156.77 马铃薯Potato 0.47
猪蹄筋Pig’s tendon 10.27 黄豆Soybean 6.16
鸭肝Duck liver 57.27 大白菜Chinese cabbage 0.57
小黄花鱼Little yellow croaker 55.20 大蒜（白皮、鲜）Garlic 3.09
牡蛎Oyster 86.64 红菜薹（紫菜薹）Purple flowering stalks 8.43

Fig. 1

Summary of selenoproteins function"

Table 3

Standards of selenium biofortification and selenium-enriched foods in China"

标准名称
Standard names		 产品种类
Product category		 规定硒含量（μg/100 g）
Se content required (μg/100 g)
食品营养强化剂使用标准
Standards for the Use of Food Nutrition Enhancers
（GB 14880—2012）[37]		 调制乳粉（儿童用乳粉除外）
Modified milk powder (not for children)		 14—28
调制乳粉（仅限儿童用乳粉）
Modified milk powder (for children)		 6—13
大米及制品 Rice and products
小麦粉及制品 Wheat flour and products
杂粮粉及制品 Cereal flour and products
面包 Bread		 14—28
饼干 Biscuits 3—11
含乳饮料 Milk beverage 5—20
预包装食品营养标签通则
General Rules for Nutrition Label of Prepackaged Food（GB 28050—2011）[38]		 凡标注“富X”的矿物质,其含量应在营养素参考值的30 %以上,硒的最新参考值为60 μg,因此,凡标注“富硒食品”其硒含量下限必须在18 μg/100 g以上
For mineral substance, any product labeled with “enriched with X” should contains more that 30% of the RNV. The RNV of Se is 60 μg, so Se-enriched food should contains more than 18 μg/100 g
富硒农产品
Se-enriched agri-products
（GH/T 1135—2017）[39]		 谷物类 Cereal 10—50（硒代氨基酸>65%）
(Selenomethionine > 65%)
豆类 Beans 10—100（硒代氨基酸>65%）
(Selenomethionine > 65%)
薯类（干重计）
Tubers (Dry weight basis)		 10—100（硒代氨基酸>65%）
(Selenomethionine > 65%)
蔬菜类（干重计）
Vegetables (Dry weight basis)		 10—100（硒代氨基酸>65%）
(Selenomethionine > 65%)
食用菌类（干重计）
Mushroom (Dry weight basis)		 10—500（硒代氨基酸>65 %）
(Selenomethionine > 65%)
肉类 Meat 15—50（硒代氨基酸>70%）
(Selenomethionine > 70%)
蛋类 Egg 15—50（硒代氨基酸>70%）
(Selenomethionine > 70%)
茶叶 Tea 25—400（硒代氨基酸>60%）
(Selenomethionine > 60%)
富硒稻谷
Se-enriched paddy rice（GB/T 22499—2008）[40]		 稻谷 Paddy rice 4—30
富硒茶
Se-enriched tea（NY/T 600—2002）[41]		 茶叶 Tea 25—40
富硒大蒜
Se-enriched garlic（NY/T 3115—2017）[42]		 大蒜 Garlic 3—30
富硒马铃薯
Se-enriched potato(NY/T 3116—2017)[43]		 马铃薯 Potato 1.5—15
饮用天然矿泉水
Drinking natural mineral water（GB 8537—2008）[44]		 矿泉水 Mineral Water 1—5
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