玉米机械粒收质量现状及其与含水率的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.009

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Grain mechanical harvesting is the key technology of modern production of maize, and a developing direction of maize harvesting technology at home and abroad. Making clear the current problems of maize mechanical harvesting technology, and studying the main factors that affect the quality of combine harvest maize are important to promote the development of maize grain harvesting technology in China. 【Method】Since 2011, a number of experiments and demonstration of maize grain harvesting have been carried out in maize production regions, including the northwest, Northeast and North, and huang-huai-hai maize production regions. By the year of 2015, a total of 1 698 sets of sample data of grain harvesting quality were obtained from 168 plots of maize field in 15 provinces. 【Result】The results showed that, (1) the average grain breakage rate was 8.63%, the impurity rate was 1.27%, total grain yield loss of ear and kernel was 24.71 g·m^-2, equivalent to the loss grain yield of 16.5 kg/667m², the average total grain loss rate was 4.12%. The high grain breakage rate was the main quality problem for maize grain harvesting in China. The relationship between grain moisture content and broken rate can be fitted by the equation of quadratic polynomial, which is y=0.0372x²-1.483x+20.422(R²=0.452**, n=1698). In a certain range of kernel moisture content (＞19.9%), grain breakage rate increased with the increase of grain moisture content. 【Conclusion】At present, grain breakage rate for maize grain mechanical harvesting in China is high, and the high moisture content of kernel is the main controlling factor. It is recommended to select maize hybrids which have the characteristics such as appropriate early maturing, low moisture content of grain and rapid dry-down at mature period, and to harvest at right moment, and to match grain drying and storage facilities, are the key measurements to achieve grain mechanical harvesting in maize production areas in China.

Key words: maize, grain mechanical harvesting, quality of harvest, grain moisture content, grain breakage rate

CHAI ZongWen, WANG KeRu, GUO YinQiao, XIE RuiZhi, LI LuLu, MING Bo, HOU Peng, LIU ChaoWei, CHU ZhenDong, ZHANG WanXu, ZHANG GuoQiang, LIU GuangZhou, LI ShaoKun. Current Status of Maize Mechanical Grain Harvesting and Its Relationship with Grain Moisture Content[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(11): 2036-2043.

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