高抗白粉病小麦-山羊草新种质TA002的创制和遗传研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.03.002

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Powdery mildew is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat. It is widely accepted that the most economic, efficient and safest way to control powdery mildew is breeding and planting powdery mildew resistant cultivars. Aegilops ventricosa and Aegilops cylindrica, which possess many favorable characters and good qualities such as resistance to diseases, tolerance to environmental stresses, are close-related relatives of wheat. The objective of this study was to develop novel powdery mildew resistant germplasm line via wide hybridization between common wheat and Aegilops ventricosa and/or Aegilops cylindrica for genetic improvement. 【Method】 Improved fuchsin squash and seed set examination were used to determine the cytogenetic stability and fertility of TA002. Acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were used to analyze the subunit composition of gliadin, high and low molecular weight glutenin (HMW-GS and LMW-GS) respectively. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), multicolor genomic in situ hybridization (mc-GISH), multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mc-FISH) and molecular markers were employed to detect the genetic nature of TA002. Respective inoculation of powdery mildew isolates was performed to detect the reaction of TA002 to powdery mildew.【Result】 TA002 (2n = 42) showed equivalent seed set to that of common wheat. Both TA002 and its hybrid F₁ with common wheat Mingxian169 housed 21 bivalents in the pollen mother cells observed at metaphase I (PMCs MI) and took on chromosomal segregation of 21 to 21 in pollen mother cells examined at anaphase I (PMCs AI). Contrast to wheat parent Yannong15 highly susceptible to powdery mildew, TA002, similar to SDAU18 and its parents Aegilops ventricosa and Aegilops cylindrica, was highly resistant to powdery mildew. Immunization and resistant-susceptible segregation of 3﹕1 was observed respectively in F₁and F₂ of the crosses between TA002 and common wheats susceptible to powdery mildew. The analysis of seed storage proteins of TA002 and its parents revealed that TA002 not only had new glutenin and gliadin subunits specific to SDAU18, but also possessed a novel gliadin subunit derived from its neither parents. When probed respectively by genomic DNA of Aegilops uniaristata and Aegilops caudata in root tip cell chromosomes of TA002, no probe signals were detected. Multicolor genomic in situ hybridization (mc-GISH) and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mc-FISH) indicated that TA002 had three complete genomes (A, B and D) although five pairs of chromosomes 4A, 5A,6B, 7B and 5D in it showed significantly different FISH pattern from that of corresponding ones in Yannong15. Mc-GISH was carried out simultaneously using genomic DNA of Triticum uratu and that of Aegilops tauschii labeled with different fluoresceins as probes, and with genomic DNA of Aegilops speltoides as blocker. Mc-FISH was performed with two oligonucleotides pSc119.2 and pTa-535 fluorescing differently. Molecular marker analysis revealed TA002 housed alien genetic materials not only from Aegilops ventricosa but also from Aegilops cylindrica. 【Conclusion】TA002, derived from Aegilops ventricosa or Aegilops cylindrica with high powdery mildew resistance controlled by a single dominant gene, was found as a novel wheat-Aegilops introgression line of cytogenetic stability and good fertility. In addition, TA002 possessed novel seed storage protein subunits either specific to Aegilops ventricosa -Aegilops cylindrica amphiploid or in neither parents.

Key words: Triticum aestivum, Aegilops, powdery mildew, germplasm line, introgression line

WANG Yu-hai, HE Fang, BAO Yin-guang, MING Dong-feng, DONG Lei, HAN Qing-dian, LI Ying-ying, WANG Hong-gang. Development and Genetic Analysis of a Novel Wheat-Aegilops Germplasm TA002 Resistant to Powdery Mildew[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(3): 418-428.

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Development and Genetic Analysis of a Novel Wheat-Aegilops Germplasm TA002 Resistant to Powdery Mildew

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