不同作物与再植苹果幼树混栽对再植植株及土壤环境的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.19.018

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Taking the soil of the old apple orchard as the object, this study is to explore the effects of mixed planting of different crops and replanted young apple trees on replanting plants and soil environment, select the more effective mixed plant to reduce the apple replant disease, and to provide technical support for the renewal of old orchards.【Method】The experiment included 5 treatments, which were CK (the old apple orchard soil), T1 (the methyl bromide fumigation old apple orchard soil), T2 (grafted apple seedlings mixed with Allium fistulosum), T3 (grafted apple seedlings mixed with Triticum aestivum), T4 (grafted apple seedlings mixed with Brassica juncea). the effect of mixed planting of different crops on the aboveground biomass, soil enzymes activity, soil microbial quantity, and soil phenolic acid content was detected. The copy number of the major harmful fungi in soil of old orchard was detected by real-time quantitative PCR technology.【Result】Mixed the three kinds of crops and young apple tree obviously enhanced the young apple tree plant height, ground diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, average fresh shoot length, and total fresh shoot length, and the treatment of mixed planting with A. fistulosum (T2) had the most beneficial effect, which plant height, ground diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, average fresh shoot length, and total fresh shoot length were 1.12, 1.31, 1.71, 1.65, 1.25 and 2.09 times of the control, respectively. mixed planting three crops could increase the number of soil bacteria and reduce the number of soil fungi. Compared with the control, the number of soil bacteria increased by 37.93%, and the number of soil fungi reduced by 41.33% under the treatment of mixed planting with A. fistulosum, the number of soilbacteria increased by 31.03% under the treatment of mixed T. aestivum, the number of soil bacteriaincreased by 13.79% under the treatment of mixed B. juncea. The ratio of bacteria to fungus in the soil increased by 135.11%, 128.55% and 89.66% when mixed A. fistulosum, T. aestivum, B. juncea, respectively. Compared with the control, the gene copy number of Fusarium genus in the mixed three kinds of crops decreased, and showed significant differences. The gene copy number of F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, f. solani and F. proliferatum declined by 61.01%, 37.11%, 40.97% and 53.11% under the treatment of mixed planting with A. fistulosum, respectively. Mixed the three kinds of crops and young apple tree could increase the activity of main soil enzymes, among which the mixed planting of B. juncea had the obvious promotion effect of urease activity compared with the control, which increased by 44.59%. the mixed planting of T. aestivum increased the activity of phosphatase and sucrose by 59.26% and 50.37%, respectively. The content of phlorzin in mixed planting A. fistulosum, T. aestivumcrops and B. juncea soil decreased by 81.23%, 20.56% and 86.11%, respectively, the total amount of phenolic acid in the soil of the mixed planting of A. fistulosum decreased by 28.27% compared with the control, and the effect was better than other treatments.【Conclusion】Mixed planting of A. fistulosum, T. aestivum and B. juncea has great influence on soil environment and biomass of replanted young trees. All of the three mixed crops can promote the growth of replanted young trees, optimize the structure of microbial community and increase the activity of main enzymes in replanted soil, decrease the content of phlorzin in soil, and reduce the apple replant disease. Among them, the effect of mixed with A. fistulosum is the best.

Key words: mixed planting, Allium fistulosum, Triticum aestivum, Brassica juncea, apple continuous cropping obstacle

MA ZiQing, DUAN YaNan, SHEN Xiang, CHEN XueSen, YIN ChengMiao, MAO ZhiQuan. Effect of Different Intercropping Types on the Growth of Replanted Apple Tree and Soil Environment[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(19): 3815-3822.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.19.018

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/Y2018/V51/I19/3815

References

[1] St Laurent A, Merwin I A, Fazio G, Thies J E, Brown M G. Rootstock genotype succession influences apple replant disease and root-zone microbial community composition in all orchard soil. Plant and Soil, 2010, 337: 259-272.

[2] Bai R, Ma F W, Liang D, Zhao X. Phthalic acid induces oxidative stress and alters the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in roots of Malus prunifolia. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009, 35: 488-494.

[3] Tewoldemedhin T Y, Mazzola M, Mostert L, Mcleod A. Cylindrocarpon species associated with apple tree roots in South Africa and their quantification using real-time PCR. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2011, 129: 637-651.

[4] 王闯, 徐公义, 葛长城, 毛志泉. 酚酸类物质和植物连作碍的研究进展. 北方园艺, 2009(3): 134-137.

Wang C, Xu G Y, Ge C C, Mao Z Q. Progress on the phenolic acid substances and plant soil sickness. Northern Horticulture, 2009(3): 134-137. (in Chinese)

[5] Cardinale B J, Srivastava d S, Duffy J E, Wright J P, Downing A L, Sankaran M, Jouseau C. Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems. Nature, 2006, 443 (7114): 989-992.

[6] Enwall K, Nyberg K, Bertilsson S, Cederlund H, Stenström J, Hallin S. Long-term impact of fertilization on activity and composition of bacterial communities and metabolic guilds in agricultural soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2007, 39(1): 106-115.

[7] 耿士均, 刘刊, 商海燕, 权俊娇, 陆小平, 王波. 专用微生物肥对不同连作障碍强度土壤上番茄生长的影响. 湖北农业科学, 2012, 51(22): 5008-5011, 5033.

Geng S J, Liu K, Shang H y, Quan J j, lu x p, wang b. Effect of special microbial fertilizer on the growth of tomato in different continuous cropping obstacle soil. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 51(22): 5008-5011, 5033. (in Chinese)

[8] 王晓宝, 王功帅, 刘宇松, 陈学森, 沈向, 尹承苗, 毛志泉. 西北黄土高原地区苹果连作障碍与土壤真菌群落结构的相关性分析. 园艺学报, 2018, 45(5): 855-864.

Wang X B, Wang G S, Liu Y S, Chen X S, Shen X, Yin C M, Mao Z Q. Correlation analysis of apple replant disease and soil fungal community structure in the Northwest Loess Plateau aera. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2018, 45(5): 855-864. (in Chinese)

[9] 李家家, 相立, 潘凤兵, 陈学森, 沈向, 尹承苗, 毛志泉. 平邑甜茶幼苗与葱混作对苹果连作土壤环境的影响. 园艺学报, 2016, 43(10): 1853-1862.

Li J J, Xiang L, Pan F B, Chen X S, Shen X, Yin C M, Mao Z Q. Effects of Malus hupehensis seedlings and Allium fistulosum mixed cropping on replanted soil environment. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2016, 43(10): 1853-1862. (in Chinese)

[10] 吴焕涛, 魏珉, 杨凤娟, 王秀峰. 轮作和休茬对日光温室黄瓜连作土壤的改良效果. 山东农业科学, 2008(5): 59-63.

Wu H T, Wei M, Yang F J, Wang X F. Improving effects of crop rotation and fallowing on continuous cucumber cropping soil in solar greenhouse. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2008(5): 59-63. (in Chinese)

[11] 吴凤芝, 李敏, 曹鹏, 马亚飞, 王丽丽. 小麦根系分泌物对黄瓜生长及土壤真菌群落结构的影响. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(10): 2861-2867.

Wu F Z, Li M, Cao P, MA Y F, WANG L L. Effects of wheat root exudates on cucumber growth and soil fungal community structure. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(10): 2861-2867. (in Chinese)

[12] 吕毅, 宋富海, 李园园, 沈向, 陈学森, 吴树敬, 毛志泉. 轮作不同作物对苹果园连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生理指标的影响. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(14): 2830-2839.

Lü Y, Song F H, Li Y Y, Shen X, Chen X S, Wu S J, Mao Z Q. The influence of different crops rotation on the environment of soil and physiological characteristics of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(14): 2830-2839. (in Chinese)

[13] Smolinska U, Morra M J, Knudsen G R. Isothiocyanates produced by Brassicaceae species as inhibitors of Fusarium oxysporum. Plant Disease, 2003, 87(4): 407-412.

[14] 沈萍, 范秀容, 李广武. 微生物学实验. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1999: 81.

Shen P, Fan X R, Li G W. Experiment of Microbiology.Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1999: 81. (in Chinese)

[15] 杨友琼, 吴伯志. 作物间套作种植方式间作效应研究. 中国农学通报, 2007, 23(11): 192-195.

Yang Y Q, Wu B Z. Research of intercropping benefit of crop intercropping systems. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007, 23(11): 192-195. (in Chinese)

[16] 王艳芳, 潘凤兵, 展星, 王功帅, 张国栋, 胡艳丽, 陈学森, 毛志泉. 连作苹果土壤酚酸对平邑甜茶幼苗的影响. 生态学报, 2015, 35(19): 6566-6573.

Wang Y F, Pan F B, Zhan X, Wang G S, Zhang G D, Hu Y L, Chen X S, Mao Z Q. Effects of five kinds of phenolic acid on the function of mitochondria and antioxidant systems in roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(19): 6566-6573. (in Chinese)

[17] Guo H, Mao Z Q, Jiang H X, Liu P, Zhou B Q, Bao Z Z, Sui J K, Zhou X Y, LIu X L. Community analysis of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for apple trees. Crop Protection, 2014, 62: 1-9.

[18] Daniel H. Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment. Oxford: Academic Press, 2005: 448-450.

[19] Menon P, GOPAL M, PARSAD R. Effects of chlorpyrifos and quinalphos on dehydrogenase activities and reduction of Fe³⁺ in the soils of two semi-arid fields of tropical India. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment, 2005, 108(1): 73-83.

[20] 陈恩凤, 武冠云, 周礼恺. 关于土壤肥力研究的几点认识. 土壤通报, 1989(4): 163, 187-188.

Chen E F, Wu G Y, Zhou L K. Some understandings on soil fertility research. Soil Bulletin, 1989(4): 163, 187-188. (in Chinese)

[21] 和文祥, 朱铭莪. 陕西土壤脲酶活性与土壤肥力关系分析. 土壤学报, 1997, 34(4): 392-398.

He W X, Zhu M Y. relationship between urease activity and fertility of soils in shaanxi province.Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1997, 34(4): 392-398. (in Chinese)

[22] 陈立新. 落叶松土壤有机磷形态与林木生长量的关系. 应用生态学报, 2003,14(12): 2157-2161.

Chen L X. Relationship between soil organic phosphorus forms in larch plantations and tree growth. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, 14(12): 2157-2161. (in Chinese)

[23] 薛超, 黄启为, 凌宁, 高雪莲, 曹云, 赵青云, 何欣, 沈其荣. 连作土壤微生物区系分析、调控及高通量研究方法. 土壤学报, 2011, 48(3): 612-618.

Xue C, Huang Q W, Ling N, GAO X L, CAO Y, ZHAO Q Y, HE X, SHEN Q R. Analysis, regulation and high-throughput sequencing of soil microflora in mono-cropping system. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2011, 48(3): 612-618. (in Chinese)

[24] 马云华, 王秀峰, 魏珉, 亓延凤, 李天来. 黄瓜连作土壤酚酸类物质积累对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(11): 2149-2153.

Ma Y H, Wang X F, Wei M, Qi Y F, Li T L. Accumulation of phenolic acids in continuously cropped cucumber soil and their effects on soil microbes and enzyme activities. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(11): 2149-2153. (in Chinese)

[25] 周丽霞, 丁明懋. 土壤微生物学特性对土壤健康的指示作用. 生物多样性, 2007, 15(2): 162-171.

Zhou L X, Ding M M. Soil microbial characteristics as bioindicators of soil health. Biodiversity Science, 2007, 15(2): 162-171. (in Chinese)

[26] 张晶, 张惠文, 李新宇, 张成刚. 土壤真菌多样性及分子生态学研究进展. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(10): 1958-1962.

Zhang J, Zhang H W, Li X Y, Zhang C G. Research advances in soil fungal diversity and molecular ecology. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(10): 1958-1962. (in Chinese)

[27] Kennydy A C, Smith K L. Soil microbial diversity index and the sustainability of agricultural soils. Plant and Soil, 1995, 170(1): 75-86.

[28] Schutter M E, Sandeno J M, Dick R P. Seasonal, soil type, alternative management influences on microbial communities of vegetable cropping systems. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2001, 34(6): 397-410.

[29] Manici L M, Ciavatta C, Kelderer M, Erschbaumer G. Replant problems in South Tyrol: role of fungal pathogens and microbial population in conventional and organic apple orchards. Plant and Soil, 2003, 256(2): 315-324.

[30] Braun P G. Effects of Cylindrocarpon and Pythium species on apple seedlings and potential role in apple replant disease. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 1995, 17(4): 336-341.

[31] Rumberger A, Yao S, Merwin I A, Nelson E B, Thies J E. Rootstock genotype and orchard replant position rather than soil fumigation or compost amendment determine tree growth and rhizosphere bacterial community composition in an apple replant soil. Plant and Soil, 2004, 264(1/2): 247-260.

[32] Mazzola M. Transformation of soil microbial community structure and rhizoctonia-suppressive potential in response to apple roots. Phytopathology, 1999, 89(10): 920-927.

[33] 马瑞霞, 刘秀芬, 袁光林, 孙思恩. 小麦根区的化感物质及其生物活性的研究. 生态学报, 1997, 17(4): 449-451.

Ma R X, Liu X F, Yuan G L, Sun S E. Study on the allelochmicals produced by bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere and their bioactivity. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1997, 17(4): 449-451. (in Chinese)

[34] 王青青, 胡艳丽, 周慧, 展星, 毛志泉, 朱树华. 根皮苷对平邑甜茶根系TCA循环酶的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(15): 3108-3114.

WANG Q Q, HU Y L, ZHOU H, ZHAN X, MAO Z Q, ZHU S H. Effects of phloridzin on the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes of roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(15): 3108-3114. (in Chinese)

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Effect of Different Intercropping Types on the Growth of Replanted Apple Tree and Soil Environment

RichHTML

PDF

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 12

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	ZHANG ChuanLiang, JIAN JunTao, FENG Jie, CUI ZiXia, XU XiaoWan, SUN DaoJie. QTL Identification for Awn Length Based on 90K Array Mapping in Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(1): 17-25.
[2]	YAN Jing, WANG XiaoLei, ZHANG YuChi, ZHANG QingLing, WANG Jian, QIANG Sheng, SONG XiaoLing . Fitness of Herbicide-Resistant BC₃F₄ between two herbicide-resistant transgenic Brassica napus and wild Brassica juncea [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(1): 105-118.
[3]	ZHANG RunQi, FU KaiYong, LI Chao, ZU SaiChao, LI ChunYan, LI Cheng. Changes of Micro-Structural Characteristics of Starch Granules and the Mechanisms Under Different Phosphorus Application Rates in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(22): 4235-4246.
[4]	GUO Rui, ZHOU Ji, YANG Fan, LI Feng. Effects of Alkaline Stress on Metabonomic Responses of Wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn) Leaves [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(2): 250-259.
[5]	RU JingNa, YU TaiFei, CHEN Jun, CHEN Ming, ZHOU YongBin, MA YouZhi, XU ZhaoShi, MIN DongHong. Response of Wheat Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor TaDi19A to Cold and Its Screening of Interacting Proteins [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(13): 2411-2422.
[6]	WANG Yu-hai, HE Fang, BAO Yin-guang, MING Dong-feng, DONG Lei, HAN Qing-dian, LI Ying-ying, WANG Hong-gang. Development and Genetic Analysis of a Novel Wheat-Aegilops Germplasm TA002 Resistant to Powdery Mildew [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(3): 418-428.
[7]	ZHANG Su-yu, WANG He-zhou, YANG Ming-da, WANG Jing-li, HE De-xian. Influence of Returning Corn Stalks to Field Under Different Soil Moisture Contents on Root Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(13): 2484-2496.
[8]	XIAO Rui-xia, WANG Xin-guo, XIA Guo-jun, LI Yong-chun, NIU Hong-bin, WANG Xiang, YIN Jun, REN Jiang-ping. Cloning and Expression Analysis of A Stress-Related TaC2DP1 Gene from Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(8): 1463-1472.
[9]	WU Dan, DONG Jian, YAO Yan-jie, ZHAO Wan-chun, GAO Xiang. Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern Analysis of NAM Transcription Factors Gpc-1 and Gpc-2 in Bread Wheat Cultivar Chinese Spring During Grain Filling [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(7): 1262-1276.
[10]	LIU Peng, WANG Shuai-shuai, YANG Gao-shan, ZHANG Heng, HAN Sheng-fang, WANG Dong-mei. Transient Silencing of HCP1 Gene in Wheat Mediated by Agrobacterium [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(20): 4188-4196.
[11]	LIU Tai-guo, QIU Jun, ZHOU Yi-lin, XU Shi-chang, CHEN Huai-gu, LIU Yan, GAO Li, LIU Bo, ZHENG Chuan-lin, CHEN Wan-quan. Multi-Disease Resistance Evaluation of Chinese Advanced Winter Wheat Lines for the National Regional Test [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(15): 2967-2975.
[12]	HAN Liu-sha, WANG Jia-zhen, SHI Ling-zhi, ZHU Lin, LI Xing, LIU Da-qun. QTL Mapping for Adult-Plant Resistance to Leaf Rust in Chinese Wheat Cultivar Lantian9 [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(12): 2346-2353.