微黄青霉ZF1及其代谢产物对禾谷镰孢的抑菌活性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.20.007

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Penicillium minioluteum ZF1 was isolated from the soil and identified as having the effect of biological control in previous studies. The objective of this study is to analyze the inhibition effect of the isolate and its culture filtrate with chemical fungicide to Fusarium graminearum, clarify the value of ZF1, and to offer a novel method for controlling the stalk rot and ear rot which are caused by F. graminearum. 【Method】 F. graminearum was inoculated at the mixed PDA and the growth speed was calculated. The effect of secondary metabolites on control of the mycelial growth of F. graminearum was known when cellophane removed and F. graminearum was inoculated. Fludioxonil, ZF1 culture filtrate and the two mixtures were compared each other, and their EC₅₀ and EC₉₅ were measured. The leaves at 5-leaf stage and kernels at milk-ripe stage were inoculated with P. minioluteum, and the process was observed. 【Result】 P. minioluteum ZF1 could obviously inhibit the mycelial growth of F. graminearum. The inhibition ratio reached 81.33%. The area of inhibited mycelial growth of F. graminearum was 16.21 cm² compared with the control groups. The effect of secondary metabolite of P. minioluteum was inoculated on PDA plate removed cellophane which inhibited the mycelia growth of F. graminearum reached 55.46%. The filtrate of P. minioluteum which were diluted 10, 20, 50 and 100 folds inhibited the growth area of mycelia of F. graminearum were 81.04%, 64.46%, 22.67% and 1.12%, respectively. The mycelia of morphology were not changed when ZF1 culture filtrate was added in PDA. The mixture of fludioxonil and 10% culture filtrate of P. minioluteum had the better effect than each single. The EC50 and EC95 values of fludioxonil to F. graminearum were 0.0162 and 0.5287 μg·mL^-1, respectively. The inhibition ratios of 10% culture filtrate of P. minioluteum and 0.5 μg·mL^-1 fludioxonil were 86.45% and 95.13%, respectively. EC₅₀ and EC₉₅ values of the two mixtures were 0.0023 and 0.4011 μg·mL^-1. The effect of fludioxonil inhibition was lost after 4 days. The inhibition effect of the mixture of 0.5 μg·mL^-1 fludioxonil and 10% culture filtrate of P. minioluteum prolonged for 10 days compared with only 0.5 μg·mL^-1 fludioxonil. Slight mold appeared in injured maize kernels and seedling leaves when P. minioluteum was inoculated on them. 【Conclusion】 The inhibition effect of P. minioluteum ZF1 and its culture filtrate on F. graminearum was obvious. The mixture of fludioxonil and culture filtrate of P. minioluteum could prolong the inhibition time to the mycelial growth of F. graminearum. A novel method that P. minioluteum acts as a biocontrol fungus for controlling maize stalk rot and ear rot can be used in the future.

Key words: Penicillium, secondary metabolites, fludioxonil, antifungal activity, Fusarium graminearum

SU Qian-fu, JIA Jiao, MENG Ling-min, LI Hong, ZHANG Wei, JIN Qi-ming, CONG Bin. Antifungal Activities of Penicillium minioluteum ZF1 and Its Metabolites to Fusarium graminearum[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(20): 4056-4063.

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