396份春小麦灌浆期和成熟期抗旱性评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.002

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1608-1621.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

396份春小麦灌浆期和成熟期抗旱性评价

王小玮¹^,²(), 杜佛力¹^,², 闫红财¹^,², 郎正东¹^,², 党志娟¹^,², 李葆春²^,³, 汪军成¹^,², 马小乐¹^,², 王化俊¹^,², 张宏¹^,², 姚立蓉¹^,²^,^*()

¹ 甘肃农业大学农学院，兰州 730070
² 干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室，兰州 730070
³ 甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院，兰州 730070

收稿日期:2025-11-04 接受日期:2025-12-15 出版日期:2026-04-21 发布日期:2026-04-21
通信作者:
姚立蓉，E-mail：yir0384@163.com
联系方式: 王小玮，E-mail：1224019863@qq.com。
基金资助:
现代寒旱特色农业种业攻关项目(ZYGG-2025-3); 甘肃省大学生创新训练项目(S202510733020); 甘肃农业大学SIETP项目(202501015); 甘肃省科技厅重点研发项目(25YFNA032); 中央引导地方科技发展资金(25ZYJA002); 甘肃省科技计划(24CXNA038); 甘肃省自然科学基金(24JRRA637)

Evaluation of Drought Resistance of 396 Spring Wheat Varieties at Grain Filling Stage and Maturity Stage

WANG XiaoWei¹^,²(), DU FoLi¹^,², YAN HongCai¹^,², LANG ZhengDong¹^,², DANG ZhiJuan¹^,², LI BaoChun²^,³, WANG JunCheng¹^,², MA XiaoLe¹^,², WANG HuaJun¹^,², ZHANG Hong¹^,², YAO LiRong¹^,²^,^*()

¹ College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
² State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070
³ College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070

Received:2025-11-04 Accepted:2025-12-15 Published:2026-04-21 Online:2026-04-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】干旱是造成小麦减产的重要因素之一，培育强抗旱性小麦种质是当前小麦育种面临的重要挑战。春小麦在保障国家粮食安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。明确春小麦种质的抗旱性，为春小麦抗旱基因挖掘及种质创新提供依据。【方法】以396份春小麦品种（系）作为供试材料，以正常灌水为对照，干旱胁迫处理下，测定春小麦的灌浆期叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、叶面积指数等4个指标，成熟期的株高、穗长、有效分蘖等8个指标，计算各指标的抗旱系数。运用描述性统计、主成分分析、隶属函数法、聚类分析和相关性分析对各春小麦品种（系）进行抗旱性综合评价。【结果】与正常灌水条件相比，干旱胁迫条件下灌浆期和成熟期各指标均降低，其中，小区产量、叶面积指数和生物量降幅较大，叶绿素含量、穗长和叶片相对含水量降幅较小。不同品种（系）的抗旱性存在显著差异。在干旱胁迫下，各相关指标的变异系数为6%—34%；而在正常灌水条件下，各指标的变异系数则为5%—34%。通过对灌浆期4个指标和成熟期8个指标的抗旱系数进行主成分分析，提取了6个主成分，其累计方差贡献率达78.07%。利用隶属函数值计算综合抗旱系数D值，并对D值进行聚类分析，将396份春小麦品种（系）分为5类，并对其进行组间方差分析，发现强抗旱春小麦种质的小区产量最高，且在干旱胁迫下的小区产量降幅最低。同时，对综合抗旱系数D值与12个指标的抗旱系数进行相关性分析，筛选出小穗数、生物量、旗叶面积与有效分蘖可作为春小麦抗旱性鉴定的有效综合评价指标。此外，相关性分析表明，正常灌水条件下，叶片相对含水量与株高、有效分蘖、小穗数、生物量、穗下茎长、小区产量呈极显著正相关，叶绿素含量与千粒重呈极显著正相关，旗叶面积与穗长、千粒重呈极显著正相关；干旱胁迫条件下，叶片相对含水量与生物量、小区产量、千粒重呈极显著正相关，叶面积指数与株高、有效分蘖、小穗数、生物量、穗下茎长、小区产量呈极显著正相关，旗叶面积与穗长、生物量呈极显著正相关，表明春小麦灌浆期的抗旱性指标与成熟期关键农艺指标存在紧密的联系。【结论】筛选出强抗旱春小麦种质20份，其在干旱胁迫下的产量最高且降幅最低，小穗数、生物量、旗叶面积、有效分蘖可作为春小麦抗旱性鉴定的有效综合评价指标。

关键词: 春小麦, 抗旱性, 叶片相对含水量, 综合评价, 主成分分析

Abstract:

【Objective】Drought is one of the key factors causing wheat yield reduction, and developing wheat germplasm with strong drought resistance is a major challenge in current wheat breeding. Spring wheat plays a crucial role in safeguarding national food security. Clarifying the drought resistance of spring wheat germplasm will provide a basis for the exploration of drought resistant genes and drought germplasm innovation in spring wheat.【Method】In this study, a total of 396 spring wheat varieties (lines) treated with drought stress were used to determine the relative water content of leaves, chlorophyll content and leaf area index et al during the grain filling stage, and also measure plant height, spike length, and effective tillers et al in the maturity stage, the drought resistance coefficient of each index was calculated. A comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance for each spring wheat variety (line) was conducted based on descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, membership function method, cluster analysis and correlation analysis. 【Result】Compared with the normal irrigation conditions, all indices of each spring wheat variety in the grain filling stage and maturity stage decreased under drought stress. Among them, plot yield, leaf area index, and biomass showed higher decreases, while chlorophyll content, spike length, and relative water content of leaves exhibited the lower decreases. Significant differences were observed in drought resistance among the different varieties (lines). Under drought stress, the variation coefficient of each relevant index ranged from 6% to 34%, while the variation coefficient of each index ranged from 5% to 34% under normal irrigation condition. Principal component analysis was performed on the drought resistance coefficients of 4 indices at the grain filling stage and 8 indices at the maturity stage, 6 principal components were extracted with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 78.07%. The comprehensive drought resistance coefficient (D value) was calculated using the membership function value, and cluster analysis was conducted based on the D value to classify the 396 spring wheat varieties (lines) into 5 categories, followed by inter-group variance analysis, we found that the spring wheat varieties (lines) with strong drought resistance showed the highest plot yield, and it had the lowest decrease. Meanwhile, correlation analysis between the D value and the drought resistance coefficients of 12 indices revealed that the number of spikelets, biomass, flag leaf area, and effective tillers were considered as the effective comprehensive evaluation indices for spring wheat drought resistance identification. In addition, there were highly significant positive correlations between the relative water content of leaves and plant height, effective tillers, number of spikelets, biomass, the internode length below spike and plot yield, the chlorophyll content exhibited a highly significant correlations with 1000-grain weight, and flag leaf area had a remarkable positive correlations with spike length and 1000-grain weight under normal irrigation conditions. However, under drought stress, there were highly significant positive correlations between the relative water content of leaves and biomass, plot yield and 1000-grain weight, the flag leaf area had a remarkable positive correlations with spike length and biomass. Which indicated a close relationship between drought resistance indices in the grain filling stage and key agronomic indices in the maturity stage for spring wheat. 【Conclusion】There were 20 spring wheat germplasm resources with strong drought resistance that were selected in this study, which showed the highest yield and the lowest yield reduction under drought stress, and the number of spikes, biomass, flag leaf area, and effective tillers could be considered as the effective comprehensive evaluation indices for spring wheat drought resistance identification.

Key words: spring wheat, drought resistance, relative water content of leaves, comprehensive evaluation, principal component analysis

王小玮, 杜佛力, 闫红财, 郎正东, 党志娟, 李葆春, 汪军成, 马小乐, 王化俊, 张宏, 姚立蓉. 396份春小麦灌浆期和成熟期抗旱性评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(8): 1608-1621.

WANG XiaoWei, DU FoLi, YAN HongCai, LANG ZhengDong, DANG ZhiJuan, LI BaoChun, WANG JunCheng, MA XiaoLe, WANG HuaJun, ZHANG Hong, YAO LiRong. Evaluation of Drought Resistance of 396 Spring Wheat Varieties at Grain Filling Stage and Maturity Stage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(8): 1608-1621.

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处理 Treatment	指标 Index	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
正常灌水 Normal irrigation	叶片相对含水量RWC	0.64	0.92	0.82	0.05	6
	叶绿素含量SPAD	45.50	64.40	56.66	2.90	5
	叶面积指数LAI	1.50	4.74	2.97	0.52	18
	旗叶面积FLA (cm²)	15.87	61.51	30.14	7.08	23
	株高PH (cm)	54.33	118.67	79.26	7.29	9
	穗长SL (cm)	7.43	12.50	9.89	0.91	9
	有效分蘖ETN	1.33	6.33	3.30	0.75	23
	小穗数SN	22.67	89.33	46.44	11.08	24
	生物量BM (g)	5.33	45.33	17.79	6.07	34
	穗下茎长ILBS (cm)	44.50	109.83	69.36	7.30	11
	小区产量PY (g)	186.00	521.10	329.38	59.41	18
	千粒重TGW (g)	32.40	57.40	46.70	3.90	8
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	叶片相对含水量RWC	0.20	0.98	0.74	0.09	12
	叶绿素含量SPAD	47.70	65.80	56.09	3.10	6
	叶面积指数LAI	0.34	3.31	1.35	0.44	33
	旗叶面积FLA (cm²)	10.34	60.31	18.93	5.02	27
	株高PH (cm)	44.67	83.67	65.05	6.41	10
	穗长SL (cm)	6.67	12.10	9.20	0.92	10
	有效分蘖ETN	1.00	4.00	2.63	0.62	24
	小穗数SN	12.67	60.00	34.58	8.87	26
	生物量BM (g)	2.67	22.33	9.53	3.21	34
	穗下茎长ILBS (cm)	30.50	73.00	55.76	6.49	12
	小区产量PY (g)	77.00	361.00	165.09	46.60	28
	千粒重TGW (g)	22.40	49.80	36.30	4.53	12

处理 Treatment	指标 Index	叶片相对含水量 RWC	叶绿素含量 SPAD	叶面积指数 LAI
正常灌水 Normal irrigation	叶绿素含量SPAD	0.09
	叶面积指数LAI	-0.04	-0.70**
	旗叶面积FLA	0.17**	-0.13**	0.25**
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	叶绿素含量SPAD	0.10*
	叶面积指数LAI	0.21**	0.08
	旗叶面积FLA	0.03	0.22**	0.41**

指标 Index	因子载荷Factor loading
指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6
叶片相对含水量RWC	-0.01	-0.13	0.55	-0.51	-0.33	-0.14
叶绿素含量SPAD	0.06	-0.15	0.32	0.38	0.71	0.19
叶面积指数LAI	0.19	0.11	0.21	0.65	-0.28	0.06
旗叶面积FLA	0.17	0.11	0.68	0.31	0.21	-0.03
株高PH	0.43	0.87	0.01	-0.10	0.05	0.04
穗长SL	0.42	-0.10	0.26	0.11	-0.04	-0.46
有效分蘖ETN	0.85	-0.29	-0.16	-0.05	0.07	0.08
小穗数SN	0.91	-0.26	-0.10	-0.04	0.08	-0.01
生物量BM	0.84	-0.21	0.02	-0.17	-0.02	-0.02
穗下茎长ILBS	0.37	0.90	-0.01	-0.12	0.06	0.11
小区产量PY	0.12	-0.19	0.01	0.01	-0.39	0.79
千粒重TGW	-0.14	-0.05	0.54	-0.43	0.37	0.26
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%)	24.00	15.91	11.00	9.99	8.88	8.27
累计方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution rate (%)	24.00	39.91	50.91	60.91	69.80	78.07

处理 Treatment	指标 Index	叶片相对含水量 RWC	叶绿素含量 SPAD	叶面积指数 LAI	旗叶面积 FLA
正常灌水 Normal irrigation	株高PH	0.15**	-0.10*	0.12*	-0.05
	穗长SL	-0.03	0.04	0.09	0.34**
	有效分蘖ETN	0.29**	0.06	-0.04	-0.11*
	小穗数SN	0.28**	0.10	0.01	-0.02
	生物量BM	0.46**	0.11*	0.07	0.11*
	穗下茎长ILBS	0.15**	-0.11*	0.11*	-0.10
	小区产量PY	0.14**	-0.11*	0.02	0.06
	千粒重TGW	0.12*	0.15**	-0.01	0.16**
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	株高PH	0.12*	-0.01	0.16**	0.10
	穗长SL	0.10*	0.08	0.11*	0.25**
	有效分蘖ETN	0.01	0.10*	0.21**	-0.01
	小穗数SN	0.05	0.13*	0.21**	0.05
	生物量BM	0.13**	0.07	0.19**	0.14**
	穗下茎长ILBS	0.10*	-0.03	0.16**	0.08
	小区产量PY	0.17**	0.06	0.14**	0.02
	千粒重TGW	0.33**	0.06	0.04	0.07

396份春小麦灌浆期和成熟期抗旱性评价

Evaluation of Drought Resistance of 396 Spring Wheat Varieties at Grain Filling Stage and Maturity Stage

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