基于表型性状的热带高粱种质资源遗传多样性分析与创新利用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1622-1638.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

基于表型性状的热带高粱种质资源遗传多样性分析与创新利用

葛玉彬¹(), 贺春贵²^,^*(), 王宁³, 张国琴¹, 张正英¹, 吕鑫⁴

¹ 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所，兰州 730070
² 甘肃省农业科学院，兰州 730070
³ 中国科学院植物研究所/饲草种质高效设计与利用全国重点实验室，北京 100093
⁴ 山西农业大学高粱研究所/高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室，山西晋中 030600

收稿日期:2025-10-13 接受日期:2025-12-01 出版日期:2026-04-21 发布日期:2026-04-21
通信作者:
贺春贵，E-mail：hechungui008@qq.com
联系方式: 葛玉彬，E-mail：gyb1996@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32160498); 甘肃省重点研发计划(23YFNA0003); 甘肃省农业科技支撑计划(KJZC-2024-6); 甘肃省农业科学院生物育种专项(2023GAAS10); 甘肃省农业科学院协同创新专项(2024GAAS03); 甘肃省科技重大专项计划(25ZDNA002)

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Innovative Utilization of Introduced Tropical Sorghum Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits

GE YuBin¹(), HE ChunGui²^,^*(), WANG Ning³, ZHANG GuoQin¹, ZHANG ZhengYing¹, LÜ Xin⁴

¹ Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
² Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
³ Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, Beijing 100093
⁴ Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetics and Germplasm Innovation, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi

Received:2025-10-13 Accepted:2025-12-01 Published:2026-04-21 Online:2026-04-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】为明确热带地区高粱种质资源的表型变异和遗传多样性，筛选优异种质，为我国北方温带地区高粱种质创新与优质高产新品种选育提供支撑。【方法】以70份热带高粱种质资源为试材，田间观测参试种质10个表型性状，综合运用Shannon-Weaver多样性指数、相关性分析、聚类分析、逐步回归分析、主成分分析等多元统计方法，对热带高粱种质在我国温带地区的遗传多样性进行分析和综合评价，分子标记辅助选择结合常规杂交开展目标性状设计育种，定向培育兼具bmr和PS且能在北方温带地区安全制种生产的优质高产饲草高粱新品种。【结果】参试种质资源表型变异丰富，10个性状多样性指数为1.44—2.00；株高与茎粗、叶片数、叶长、叶宽和生物产量呈极显著正相关，生育时期与锤度呈极显著正相关，但与株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶长、生物产量呈极显著负相关；聚类分析将70份资源划分为3个类群，主成分分析将10个性状指标降维为5个独立的主成分，累计贡献率为85.921%；综合评价筛选出IS 18542等10份优异资源；逐步回归分析确定10个表型性状均可作为饲草高粱综合评价关键指标，分子定向设计育种挖掘3份优异资源，创制优良亲本系74A、1390R和107R，育成优质、高产青贮高粱新品种陇牧1号。【结论】基于表型性状的遗传多样性分析与综合评价，明确了热带高粱种质资源在温带地区广泛的表型变异和丰富的遗传多样性，确定了饲草高粱种质资源综合评价的10个关键指标；基因聚合育种实践发掘创制了兼具bmr和PS的优良亲本，选育出优质高产饲草高粱新品种，实现了饲草品质和产量的协同提升。

关键词: 高粱, 热带种质, 表型性状, 遗传多样性, 基因聚合育种

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to analyze the genetic diversity of tropical sorghum germplasm resources, screen for superior sorghum germplasms, and to provide a critical support for the innovation of sorghum germplasm and the breeding of the new cultivar that with high-quality and high-yield in the temperate regions of northern China.【Method】Taking 70 tropical sorghum germplasm resources as test materials, and 10 phenotypic traits of the test germplasm resources were observed in the field. Multiple statistical methods such as Shannon-Weaver diversity index, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, stepwise regression analysis were comprehensively applied for the analysis and comprehensively evalution the genetic diversity of tropical sorghum germplasm resources in the temperate region of China. Molecular marker-assisted selection combined with conventional hybridization was used to carry out target trait design breeding, and a new high-quality and high-yield forage sorghum variety with both bmr and PS genes and safe seed production in the northern temperate regions was bred.【Result】The phenotypic variations of the germplasm resources were abundant, and the diversity indices of the 10 traits ranged from 1.44 to 2.00. Correlation analysis showed that the plant height was extremely significantly positively correlated with stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width and biological yield. The growth stage was extremely significantly positively correlated with Brix, but extremely significantly negatively correlated with plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length and biological yield respectively. Cluster analysis divided 70 resources into 3 groups with significant differences in phenotypic characteristics. Principal component analysis reduced 10 trait indicators to 5 independent principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.921%. 10 elite resources including IS 18542 were selected based on the comprehensive evaluation scores (F value). The stepwise regression analysis showed that all of the 10 phenotypic traits could be used as key indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of forage sorghum. 3 photoperiod sensitive resources of Ma5/Ma6 genotype were identified, excellent parents lines 74A, 1390R and 107R and the new silage sorghum variety Long mu No.1 that with high-quality and high-yield was bred by molecular design breeding.【Conclusion】Based on the genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits, the extensive phenotypic variations and rich genetic diversity of tropical sorghum germplasm resources in temperate regions were clarified, and the 10 key indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of forage sorghum germplasm resources were determined. The genes pyramiding breeding had discovered and created excellent parents with both bmr gene and PS genes, and the new forage sorghum variety with high-quality and high-yield was bred, indicated that the forage quality and yield were improved at the same time.

Key words: Sorghum bicolor (L.), tropical germplasm resources, phenotypic traits, genetic diversity, genes pyramiding breeding

葛玉彬, 贺春贵, 王宁, 张国琴, 张正英, 吕鑫. 基于表型性状的热带高粱种质资源遗传多样性分析与创新利用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(8): 1622-1638.

GE YuBin, HE ChunGui, WANG Ning, ZHANG GuoQin, ZHANG ZhengYing, LÜ Xin. Genetic Diversity Analysis and Innovative Utilization of Introduced Tropical Sorghum Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(8): 1622-1638.

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质量性状 Qualitative traits	代码 Code	数量与频率分布Quantity and freguency distribution					变异系数 CV (%)	多样性指数 H′
质量性状 Qualitative traits	代码 Code	1	2	3	4	5	变异系数 CV (%)	多样性指数 H′
主脉色 MC	类型Type	白色White	黄色Yellow	绿色Green	褐色Brown		47.43	1.65
	数量Number	24	12	24	10
	频率Frequency	34.29	17.14	34.29	14.28
茎秆髓部质地 SPT	类型Type	蒲心HM	半实心SS	实心S			48.96	1.53
	数量Number	43	15	12
	频率Frequency	61.43	21.43	17.14
生育时期 GS	类型Type	未挑旗PFLS	挑旗期FLS	开花期BS	面团期DS	成熟期MS	58.28	1.44
	数量Number	25	6	5	2	32
	频率Frequency	35.71	8.57	7.14	2.86	45.72

性状 Traits	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值±标准误 Mean±SE	中位数 Median	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	多样性指数 H′
株高PH (cm)	78.00	540.00	378.06±6.49	376.50	93.99	24.86	1.98
茎粗SD (mm)	8.98	28.91	17.86±0.28	17.41	4.11	22.99	2.00
叶片数LN	6.00	33.00	15.65±0.34	15.00	4.87	31.12	1.94
叶长LL (cm)	45.60	110.00	80.01±1.15	82.75	16.68	20.84	1.99
叶宽LW (cm)	3.50	17.00	8.51±0.18	8.50	2.64	31.04	1.90
锤度B (%)	0.00	21.90	13.34±0.31	13.40	4.52	33.85	1.89
生物产量BY (kg·hm^-2)	7812.89	220011.00	97692.38±3714.65	82196.61	53830.34	55.10	1.97

性状 Traits	株高 PH	茎粗 SD	叶片数 LN	叶长 LL	叶宽 LW	锤度 B	生物产量 BY	叶脉色 MC	茎秆髓部质地 SPT	生育时期 GS
株高PH	1.000
茎粗SD	0.546^**	1.000
叶片数LN	0.710^**	0.700^**	1.000
叶长LL	0.315^**	0.208^*	0.200^*	1.000
叶宽LW	0.369^**	0.592^**	0.431^**	0.346^**	1.000
锤度B	-0.016	0.002	-0.077	-0.191	0.166	1.000
生物产量BY	0.638^**	0.582^**	0.665^**	0.276^*	0.321^**	-0.038	1.000
叶脉色MC	-0.365^**	0.020	-0.087	-0.208^*	-0.094	0.087	-0.153	1.000
茎秆髓部质地SPT	-0.210^*	-0.008	-0.030	-0.116	-0.101	0.248^*	-0.039	0.657^**	1.000
生育时期GS	-0.361^**	-0.280^**	-0.502^**	-0.535^**	-0.137	0.441^**	-0.393^**	0.143	0.085	1.000

类群 Clusters	资源数量 Number of germplasms	项目 Item	株高 PH (cm)	茎粗 SD (mm)	叶片数 LN	叶长 LL (cm)	叶宽 LW (cm)	锤度 B (%)	生物产量 BY (kg·hm^-2)
Ⅰ	17	平均值Means	476.98	22.91	21.83	87.40	10.75	12.00	161557.10
Ⅰ	17	变异系数CV (%)	8.91	15.35	20.33	17.35	13.82	22.42	19.25
Ⅱ	50	平均值Means	357.75	16.23	13.75	78.21	7.85	14.35	78674.35
Ⅱ	50	变异系数CV (%)	19.50	17.22	21.98	21.12	33.07	30.29	53.80
Ⅲ	3	平均值Means	156.00	16.43	12.33	68.22	6.90	4.19	52759.58
Ⅲ	3	变异系数CV (%)	36.61	10.37	12.82	19.83	4.41	79.64	66.53

性状 Traits	主成分Principal components
性状 Traits	1	2	3	4	5
株高PH	0.822	-0.293	0.173	0.117	0.081
茎粗SD	0.653	0.093	-0.026	0.637	-0.094
叶片数LN	0.868	0.031	0.057	0.273	-0.147
叶长LL	0.105	-0.109	0.924	0.204	-0.068
叶宽LW	0.226	-0.080	0.218	0.885	0.158
锤度B	0.006	0.122	-0.113	0.083	0.938
生物产量BY	0.849	-0.026	0.158	0.079	0.009
主脉色MC	-0.156	0.899	-0.166	0.096	-0.076
茎秆髓部质地SPT	0.022	0.896	0.050	-0.136	0.233
生育时期GS	-0.437	-0.012	-0.610	0.050	0.502
特征值Eigenvalue	3.792	1.803	1.359	0.933	0.706
贡献率Contribution rate (%)	37.918	18.030	13.588	9.326	7.059
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%)	37.918	55.948	69.536	78.862	85.921
贡献率权重Weight of contribution rate	0.441	0.210	0.159	0.109	0.082

基于表型性状的热带高粱种质资源遗传多样性分析与创新利用

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Innovative Utilization of Introduced Tropical Sorghum Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits

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序号 No.	资源名称 Name	株高 PH (cm)	茎粗 SD (mm)	叶片数 LN	叶长 LL (cm)	叶宽 LW (cm)	锤度 B (%)	生物产量 BY (kg·hm^-2)	主脉色 MC	茎秆髓部质地 SPT	生育时期 GS	F值 F value	排名 Ranking	类群 Clusters
43	IS 18542	476.00	27.35	27.00	94.50	12.77	17.63	164383.22	褐色 Brown	中蒲 HM	未挑旗 PFLS	1.835	1	Ⅰ
42	IS 17349	470.50	26.07	22.00	102.00	12.75	10.05	158132.91	绿色 Green	中蒲 HM	未挑旗 PFLS	1.683	2	Ⅰ
1	IS 11861	480.00	24.61	24.67	76.67	10.73	15.50	176258.81	褐色 Brown	中蒲 HM	未挑旗 PFLS	1.679	3	Ⅰ
33	IS 39414	488.00	26.88	23.00	66.67	9.33	11.27	177508.88	褐色 Brown	实心 S	挑旗期 FLS	1.676	4	Ⅰ
22	IS 23891	462.00	24.97	23.67	100.00	10.50	9.67	218552.59	白色 White	中蒲 HM	未挑旗 PFLS	1.573	5	Ⅰ
26	IS 38024	496.00	23.84	32.33	49.00	8.33	13.93	143694.68	黄色 Yellow	中蒲 HM	未挑旗 PFLS	1.436	6	Ⅰ
46	IS 25302	530.05	20.26	24.75	74.77	9.71	14.33	188551.09	黄色 Yellow	实心 S	开花期 BS	1.430	7	Ⅰ
35	IS 39439	539.00	25.43	24.67	90.00	9.40	9.96	164174.88	黄色 Yellow	中蒲 HM	开花期 BS	1.415	8	Ⅰ
48	IS 21893	490.67	24.80	18.67	94.43	11.67	7.67	201447.57	白色 White	中蒲 HM	挑旗期 FLS	1.415	9	Ⅰ
34	IS 39420	491.67	19.50	24.67	74.50	8.80	12.97	133965.03	褐色 Brown	半实心 SS	挑旗期 FLS	1.403	10	Ⅰ

性状 Traits	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	性状 Traits	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
株高PH	0.709^**	锤度B	-0.051
茎粗SD	0.763^**	生物产量BY	0.790^**
叶片数LN	0.843^**	主脉色MC	0.033
叶长LL	0.479^**	茎秆髓部质地SPT	0.173
叶宽LW	0.530^**	生育时期GS	-0.646^**

序号 No.	资源名称 Name	主脉色 MC	bmr6/bmr12基因型 bmr6/bmr12gene type	序号 No.	资源名称 Name	主脉色 MC	bmr6/bmr12基因型 bmr6/bmr12gene type
1	IS 11861	褐色Brown	bmr12	6	IS 21891	褐色Brown	野生型WT
2	IS 21549	褐色Brown	bmr6	7	IS 23253	褐色Brown	bmr6
3	IS 21887	褐色Brown	野生型WT	8	IS 23765	褐色Brown	bmr6
4	IS 21888	褐色Brown	野生型WT	9	IS 23787	褐色Brown	野生型WT
5	IS 21890	褐色Brown	bmr12	10	IS 23789	褐色Brown	bmr6

序号 No.	名称 Name	Ma5/Ma6基因型 Ma5/Ma6 gene type	序号 No.	名称 Name	Ma5/Ma6基因型 Ma5/Ma6 gene type
1	IS 11861	ma5ma5ma6ma6	38	IS 3717	ma5ma5ma6ma6
3	IS 21887	ma5ma5ma6ma6	42	IS 13871	ma5ma5Ma6Ma6
5	IS 21890	ma5ma5Ma6Ma6	43	IS 18542	ma5ma5Ma6Ma6
7	IS 23253	Ma5Ma5Ma6Ma6	44	IS 22282	ma5ma5ma6ma6
17	IS 1004	ma5ma5ma6ma6	45	IS 25301	Ma5Ma5ma6ma6
19	IS 18521	Ma6Ma6	46	IS 25302	Ma6Ma6
21	IS 23684	Ma5Ma5Ma6Ma6	47	IS 29310	Ma5Ma5Ma6Ma6
28	IS 38497	ma5ma5ma6ma6	50	ICSR 93012	Ma6Ma6
31	IS 38995	ma5ma5ma6ma6	51	ICSR 93014	ma5ma5Ma6Ma6
34	IS 39420	ma5ma5ma6ma6

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